Does it employ crude pressure tactics with such means as anonymous telephone calls and letter writing campaigns??

Vowels are written through modification of these consonant letters, either by means of diacritics ( which may not follow the direction of writing the letters ) or by changes in the form of the letter itself.

xiii, " Cum ad Sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae ") prescribes their work, determines how much they may charge for their labour, fixes a certain tax for an abstract or abridgment of twenty-five words, or their equivalent, 150 letters, forbids them to charge more, even though the abstract goes over twenty-five words but less than fifty words, enacts that the basis of the tax is the labour employed in writing, expediting, etc., the Bulls, and by no means the emoluments accruing to the recipient of the favour or benefice conferred by the Bull, and declares that whoever shall charge more than the tax fixed by him shall be suspended for six months from office, and upon a second violation of the law, shall be deprived of it altogether, and if the delinquent be an abbreviator, he shall be excommunicated.

The N ' Ko ( ߒ ' ߞߏ ) alphabet is a script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949 as a writing system for the Mande languages of West Africa ; N ’ Ko means ' I say ' in all Mande languages.

Lionel Curtis, writing in the imperialist journal The Round Table, wrote: " If the British Commonwealth can only be preserved by such means, it would become a negation of the principle for which it has stood ".

A variety of verbal and non-verbal means of communicating exists such as body language, eye contact, sign language, haptic communication, chronemics, and media such as pictures, graphics, sound, and writing.

When the Greek astronomer Ptolemy's Almagest was translated from Greek to Arabic, the translator Johannitius ( following Alberuni ) did not know the Greek word and rendered it as the nearest-looking Arabic word, writing العصى ذات الكلاب in ordinary unvowelled Arabic text " al -` aşā dhāt al-kullāb ", which means " the spearshaft having a hook ".

They now gathered the various constitutional laws they had passed into a single constitution, showed remarkable strength in choosing not to use this as an occasion for major revisions, and submitted it to the recently restored Louis XVI, who accepted it, writing " I engage to maintain it at home, to defend it from all attacks from abroad, and to cause its execution by all the means it places at my disposal ".

Here ( x, y | x ', y ') means that instead of ψ we are writing a different formula, in which x and y are replaced with x ' and y '.

The civilization, with a writing system, urban centers, and diversified social and economic system, was rediscovered in the 1920s after excavations at Mohenjo-daro ( which means " mound of the dead ") in Sindh near Sukkur, and Harappa, in west Punjab south of Lahore.

For these, the contestants have to submit an output file instead of a program, and it is up to them whether they obtain the output files by writing a program ( possibly exploiting special characteristics of the input ), or by hand, or by a combination of these means.

Since the early days of writing politicians, diplomats and military commanders understood that it was necessary to provide some mechanism to protect the confidentiality of correspondence and to have some means of detecting tampering.

The selection pressure for Jaynesian consciousness as a means for cognitive control is due, in part, to chaotic social disorganizations and the development of new methods of behavioral control such as writing.

He was the first Roman statesman to put his political speeches in writing as a means of influencing public opinion.

If a given computer implementation supports a writeable control store, the microassembler is usually provided to customers as a means of writing customized microcode.

Numerous modernist poets have written in non-traditional forms or in what traditionally would have been considered prose, although their writing was generally infused with poetic diction and often with rhythm and tone established by non-metrical means.

For the Neoplatonist they also formed a raw material for the writing of more systematic treatises in which were given arguments and means by which to struggle against some defect ( such as anger, envy, gossip, flattery ) or to overcome some difficult circumstance ( such as a mourning, an exile, downfall, disgrace ).

There are certain ways in which Plautus expressed himself in his plays, and these individual means of expression give a certain flair to his style of writing.

Further, in academic writing, though " myth " usually means a fundamental worldview story, even there it is occasionally ambiguous or clearly denotes " falsehood ", as in the " Christ myth theory ".

The reason is that writing in some language means thinking in that language.

Donald Knuth has insisted on the fact that documentation can be a very difficult afterthought process and has advocated literate programming, writing at the same time and location as the source code and extracted by automatic means.

The word steganography is of Greek origin and means " concealed writing " from the Greek words steganos ( στεγανός ) meaning " covered or protected ", and graphei ( γραφή ) meaning " writing ".

Adam Clarke, writing in 1825, offered an alternative 1260-year period from 755 AD to 2015, based upon the Pope's elevation from a subject of the Byzantine Empire to the independent head of the Papal States by means of the Donation of Pepin.

There is another means which should show the direction and relative value of the stresses in viscoelastic fluids that is not mentioned as such in the literature, and that is the shape of the suspended drops of low viscosity fluids in shear fields.

Depending on the other properties of the flow, the resulting force could be negative which means it acts in the opposite direction as depicted in the figure.

To sum to zero, the force of the water must point oppositely to the sum of the centrifugal and gravity forces, which means the surface of the water must adjust so its normal points in this direction.

A negative value means that the actual direction of current through that circuit element is opposite that of the chosen reference direction.

The addition of extra power and control connections, differential drivers, and data connections in each direction usually means that most serial buses have more conductors than the minimum of one used in 1-Wire and UNI / O.

One is translation, which means a shifting of the plane so that every point is shifted in the same direction and by the same distance.

For this reason, astronomical position determination – measuring the direction of the plumbline by astronomical means – works fairly well provided an ellipsoidal model of the figure of the Earth is used.

where means the gradient of the angular frequency as a function of the wave vector, and is the unit vector in direction k.

# As a means of national defence, it facilitates the concentration, distribution and direction of the army.

In industrial processes, such as etching steps, isotropic means that the process proceeds at the same rate, regardless of direction.

Conversely, anisotropic means that the attack rate of the substrate is higher in a certain direction.

The L means that the parser reads input text in one direction without backing up ; that direction is typically Left to right within each line, and top to bottom across the lines of the full input file.

Alan Turing searched for them on the Manchester Mark 1 in 1949, but the first successful identification of a Mersenne prime, M < sub > 521 </ sub >, by this means was achieved at 10: 00 P. M. on January 30, 1952 using the U. S. National Bureau of Standards Western Automatic Computer ( SWAC ) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis at the University of California, Los Angeles, under the direction of Lehmer, with a computer search program written and run by Prof. R. M.

If the rules specify that ties are not acceptable, then a swing player must clearly win both directions: even a tie in one direction means he wins nothing.

He invented this receiver as a means of overcoming the deficiencies of early vacuum tube triodes used as high-frequency amplifiers in radio direction finding equipment.

A magnetic sail oriented in the same direction as the magnetosphere is not stable, and will have to prevent itself from being flipped over to the opposite orientation by some other means.

This means the light is polarized horizontally ( the rotation is sensitive to direction of propagation ).

Under the direction of Sankara, the country changed its name on August 4, 1984 from the Upper Volta to Burkina Faso, which means " the country of honorable people ".

A means of tracking parts of the body is required, and sensors noting the position of the head, direction of gaze and so on have been used experimentally.

In radio-frequency applications up to a few gigahertz, the wave propagates primarily in the transverse electric magnetic ( TEM ) mode, which means that the electric and magnetic fields are both perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Mise-en-scène ( " placing on stage ") is an expression used to describe the design aspects of a theatre or film production, which essentially means " visual theme " or " telling a story "— both in visually artful ways through storyboarding, cinematography and stage design, and in poetically artful ways through direction.