Because of the means of publication -- science-fiction magazines and cheap paperbacks -- and because dystopian science fiction is still appearing in quantity the full range and extent of this phenomenon can hardly be known, though one fact is evident: the science-fiction imagination has been immensely fertile in its extrapolations.

The paper has a certain value as a comparatively easy introduction to this approach, particularly since it treats a fairly simple and straightforward phenomenon where it is possible to compare it with a more traditional ( though not structural ) statement.

The mushrooming of FM outlets, offering concerts ( both jazz and classical ), lectures, and other special events, is a phenomenon which has had a fair amount of publicity.

This has got to be some kind of local phenomenon.

However, if the excited atom has been previously ionized, in particular if one of its inner shell electrons has been removed, a phenomenon known as the Auger effect may take place where the quantity of energy is transferred to one of the bound electrons causing it to go into the continuum.

The phenomenon has been interpreted in the framework of Ostwald's rule of stages that predicts the formation of phases to proceed with increasing condensation time towards increasing stability.

This is not too uncommon in red giants, but Arcturus has a particularly strong case of the phenomenon.

Modern technology ( the internet and cheaper home printing ) has also influenced board games via the phenomenon of print-and-play board games that you buy and print yourself.

As Bigfoot has become better known and a phenomenon in popular culture, sightings have spread throughout North America.

The Catholic Church does recognise as valid ( though illicit ) ordinations done by breakaway Catholic, Old Catholic or Oriental bishops, and groups descended from them ; it also regards as both valid and licit those ordinations done by bishops of the Eastern churches, so long as those receiving the ordination conform to other canonical requirements ( for example, is an adult male ) and an orthodox rite of episcopal ordination, expressing the proper functions and sacramental status of a bishop, is used ; this has given rise to the phenomenon of episcopi vagantes ( for example, clergy of the Independent Catholic groups which claim apostolic succession, though this claim is rejected by both Orthodoxy and Catholicism ).

Kusumi Koharu performed a song and dance titled " Balalaika " which has also been flawlessly mirrored in the Hatsune Miku phenomenon.

This phenomenon, known as regulatory capture, has a long history.

The position that " Christian theological anti-Judaism is a phenomenon distinct from modern antisemitism, which is rooted in economic and racial thought, so that Christian teachings should not be held responsible for antisemitism " has been articulated, among other places, by Pope John Paul II in ' We Re member: A Reflection on the Shoah ,' and the Jewish declaration on Christianity, Dabru Emet .. Several scholars, including Susannah Heschel, Gavin I Langmuir and Uriel Tal the General Synod has affirmed that " the good news of salvation in Jesus Christ is for all and must be shared with all including people from other faiths or of no faith and that to do anything else would be to institutionalize discrimination ".

Citizenship has generally been identified as a western phenomenon.

The existence or otherwise of cabals has led to the Internet phenomenon originating on Usenet, " TINC " ( standing for There Is No Cabal ).

The puzzling phenomenon of two individuals being exposed to the same evidence and being able to reach different conclusions, has been frequently explained ( particularly by Daniel Kahneman ) by reference to a ' bounded rationality ' - that is most judgments are made by fast acting heuristics ( system 1 ) that work well in every day situations, but are not amenable to decision making about complex subjects such as climate change.

While urban areas are growing and thriving, economic adjustments have been harsh in rural and resource-dependent communities, and emigration has been an ongoing phenomenon for some parts of the region.

But follow-up studies have ( depending on who was summarizing the results ) failed to replicate the phenomenon or produced mixed results ( Bem & others, 2001 ; Milton & Wiseman, 2002 ; Storm, 2000, 2003 ). One skeptic, magician James Randi, has a longstanding offer — now U. S. $ 1 million —“ to anyone who proves a genuine psychic power under proper observing conditions ” ( Randi, 1999 ).

The phenomenon also has some theoretical relevance ( amplifier, digital signal, information processing ), and this amounts to the theoretical possibility of building domino computers.

Much of the evidence for this has come from research on a phenomenon known as flashbulb memories.

This phenomenon has been studied particularly in salamanders, where the adults can reconstruct a whole limb after it has been amputated.

I would, however, like to suggest that, wrong though I may be, the tendency to see dilemmas rather than solutions is one of which I have been a victim ever since I can remember, and therefore not merely a senile phenomenon.

* The week cycle is an example of one that is not synchronized to any external phenomenon ( although it may have been derived from lunar phases, beginning anew every month ).

Similarly, models of condensed matter systems have been studied where collective excitations behave like photons and electrons, thereby describing electromagnetism as an emergent phenomenon.

This was not, as may be thought, a momentary transient phenomenon: for it continued several hours together visible to our eyes, and brighter than the sun ;; the light of which would have eclipsed it, had not this been stronger.

This phenomenon has also been shown to occur with atoms and even some molecules, including buckyballs.

Déjà vu, from French, literally " already seen ", is the phenomenon of having the strong sensation that an event or experience currently being experienced has been experienced in the past.

This phenomenon has been noticed for the past 250 years.

Since 1997, the ILAE have been working on a new scheme that has five axes: ictal phenomenon, ( pertaining to an epileptic seizure ), seizure type, syndrome, etiology, impairment.

The phenomenon had long been of interest because of its effects on the guano industry and other enterprises that depend on biological productivity of the sea.

The authors ' caveats and repeated efforts at alternative definition have been echoed in subsequent scholarship: in the more than five decades since, there have been innumerable further attempts at definition, yet in the words of cinema historian Mark Bould, film noir remains an " elusive phenomenon ... always just out of reach ".

The allegations such as " A recent phenomenon in India has been the rise of Hindu fundamentalism that has led to political mobilization against Muslims.

This phenomenon arising due to the nature of charge carriers in the conductor came to be known as the Hall effect, but it was not properly explained at the time, since the electron was experimentally discovered 18 years later.

The calculation illustrates the usage of the phenomenon of length contraction and the experimentally verified phenomenon of time dilation to describe and calculate consequences and predictions of Einstein's special theory of relativity.

In 1883, following from Maxwell's equations, FitzGerald suggested a device for producing rapidly oscillating electric currents to generate electromagnetic waves, a phenomenon which was first shown to exist experimentally by the German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1888.

The phenomenon was first proposed and studied experimentally by Robert Vallone, Lee Ross and Mark Lepper.

The phenomenon is well verified experimentally and is referred to as the Paschen minimum.

Usually the theory explains an already experimentally observed phenomenon.

The phenomenon was further investigated by Ampère, who discovered that two parallel current-carrying wires exerted a force upon each other: two wires conducting currents in the same direction are attracted to each other, while wires containing currents in opposite directions are forced apart.

Many social researchers have investigated flaming, coming up with several different theories about the phenomenon.

This phenomenon is being investigated partly because of the possibility of bubble fusion ( a nuclear fusion reaction hypothesized to occur during sonoluminescence ).

The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon.

The phenomenon of lacunas has been extensively investigated in Atiyah, Bott and Gårding ( 1970, 1973 ).

The phenomenon of zodiacal light was first investigated by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1683 and first explained by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1684.

Philosophers have investigated the criteria by which a scientific theory can be said to have successfully explained a phenomenon, as well as what gives a scientific theory explanatory power.

This phenomenon has been investigated by scientists since the time of Newton, but speckles have come into prominence since the invention of the laser and have now found a variety of applications.

The exact cause of this phenomenon is still being investigated, although it has been hypothesized that narrow jets of gas from some of the young stars in the region punctured the sheet of dust and gas, as well as, powerful radiation from a nearby mature star may have helped to create the hole.

" In 1937 Pierre Auger, unaware of Rossi's earlier report, detected the same phenomenon and investigated it in some detail.

He investigated the phenomenon of refraction, deducing the wave theory of light, and was the first to suggest that matter expands when heated and that air is made of small particles separated by relatively large distances.

The null hypothesis is that there is no explanation or predictive power of the phenomenon through the reasoning that is being investigated.

Many scientists who investigated the phenomenon also became converts.

Following the Lake Nyos tragedy, scientists investigated other African lakes to see if a similar phenomenon could happen elsewhere.

In reference to a photograph ( left ) taken during an Immortal gig, showing that what appeared to the audience to be a wide formation of equipment was actually only the fronts of amplifiers mounted on a large frame, Gizmodo writer Rosa Golijan investigated the phenomenon and found that it was " not too uncommon ".

This property, first recorded by Thales of Miletus, was the first electrical phenomenon investigated by man.

The difference between these two concepts has to do with the distinction Likert made between the underlying phenomenon being investigated and the means of capturing variation that points to the underlying phenomenon.

The site was investigated on a third season episode of SyFy's Fact or Faked: Paranormal Files, and although there seemed to be a small debate between the show's investigators over the " height change " phenomenon, they ultimately concluded that overall, all of the effects demonstrated were optical illusions.

At least in the somatic sensory system, in which this phenomenon has been most thoroughly investigated, JT Wall and J Xu have traced the mechanisms underlying this plasticity.

However, Robert Norman around 1576 investigated dip angle further and in 1581 described in print a device to measure this phenomenon.

HIV positive man Ricky Dyer, who investigated the apparent bug chasing phenomenon for a 2006 BBC programme, I love being HIV +, said that an air of complacency about the realities of living with the virus may be one reason why infection rates have been rising.

Joël Scherk investigated semirealistic aspects of this phenomenon, thereby opening up an ongoing search for physical manifestations of the mechanism.