The Great Leap Forward () of the People's Republic of China ( PRC ) was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ), reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization and collectivization.

Chief changes in the lives of rural Chinese included the introduction of a mandatory process of agricultural collectivization, which was introduced incrementally.

Most of the directors who regulated and conducted the process of collectivization were placed by officials from Moscow.

During this period, Stalin pursued the policy of " collectivization " in agriculture to facilitate the process of rapid industrialization ; this involved the creation of collective farms in which peasants worked cooperatively on the same land with the same equipment.

Thus, Stalin imposed collectivization to replace private farms ; most of the collectivization process involved the stripping of land from the kulaks in order to distribute it among state farms worked by peasants.

The party then asserted its complete support for these changes and for the Agrarian Reform process that implemented collectivization of the agricultural sector and the land in a region named the " Zone of Intervention of the Agrarian Reform " or " ZIRA ", which included the land south of the Tagus River.

The basic principle of voluntary membership was violated by the process of forced collectivization ; members did not retain a right of free exit, and those who managed to leave could not take their share of land and assets with them ( neither in kind nor in cash-equivalent form ).

Of newly-enforced measures, the arguably most far-reaching was collectivization — by 1962, when the process was considered complete, 96 % of the total arable land had been enclosed in collective farming, while around 80, 000 peasants faced trial for resisting and 17, 000 others were uprooted or deported for being chiaburi ( the Romanian equivalent of kulaks ).

Cement is made by heating limestone ( calcium carbonate ) with small quantities of other materials ( such as clay ) to 1450 ° C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then blended with the other materials that have been included in the mix.

When the military added psychiatric screening to its induction process, it included homosexuality as a disqualifying trait, then seen as a form of psychopathology.

The textual transmission of the plays from the fifth century BC, when they were first written, up until the era of the printing press, was largely a haphazard process in which much of Euripides's work was lost and corrupted, but it also included triumphs by scholars and copyists, thanks to whom much was also recovered and preserved.

This process included organisations such as the European Coal and Steel Community, which grew and evolved into the European Union, and the Council of Europe.

For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education ; the discontinuation of religious and other titles ; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled after Switzerland's and a penal code modeled after the Italian Penal Code ; recognition of the equality between the sexes and the granting of full political rights to women on 5 December 1934 ; the language reform initiated by the newly founded Turkish Language Association ; replacement of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet with the new Turkish alphabet derived from the Latin alphabet ; the dress law ( the wearing of a fez, is outlawed ); the law on family names ; and many others.

Newer wood drying technologies have included the use of reduced atmospheric pressure to attempt to speed up the drying process.

The standards included in the frameworks are usually chosen through the area's normal political process.

In a process overseen by a Royal Fine Art Commission under the presidency of Prince Albert, a Select Committee which included Sir Robert Peel started to take witness accounts from experts in 1841.

However, this theory needs to be generalized in ( 2 + 1 ) or ( 3 + 1 ) dimensions although, in principle, the field equations are amenable to such generalization as shown with the inclusion of a one-graviton process and yielding the correct Newtonian limit in d dimensions if a dilaton is included.

In the Roman law ius privatum included personal, property, civil and criminal law ; judicial proceeding was private process ( iudicium privatum ); and crimes were private ( except the most severe ones that were prosecuted by the state ).

John recorded that Joseph was assisted in the burial process by Nicodemus, who brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes and included these spices in the burial cloth as per Jewish customs.

Twelve cities were part of the bidding process, which was scheduled to award two Super Bowls ( XXIII and XXIV ) The bidding cities included: Anaheim, Detroit, Houston, Jacksonville, Miami, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, Tampa, and Tempe.

The Charter derives its legitimacy from the participatory process in which it was drafted, which included contributions from hundreds of organizations and thousands of individuals, and from its use since 2000 by thousands of organizations and individuals that have been using the Earth Charter as an educational instrument and a policy tool.

The Chicago Sun-Times dubbed the Park Grill the " Clout Cafe " and included the contract award process in a year-end review of 2005 Daley administration scandals.

Throughout centuries of British history, many laws and treatises asserted various requirements as being part of " due process " or included in the " law of the land ".

In several states, this included changing the process of selecting electors to ensure the desired result.

The SCM process further defines the need to trace changes, and the ability to verify that the final delivered software has all of the planned enhancements that are supposed to be included in the release.

NII was to have included more than just the physical facilities ( more than the cameras, scanners, keyboards, telephones, fax machines, computers, switches, compact disks, video and audio tape, cable, wire, satellites, optical fiber transmission lines, microwave nets, switches, televisions, monitors, and printers ) used to transmit, store, process, and display voice, data, and images ; it was also to encompass a wide range of interactive functions, user-tailored services, and multimedia databases that were interconnected in a technology-neutral manner that will favor no one industry over any other.

As a part of the privatisation process, franchise contracts between the state government and both private operators included obligations to extend and modernise the Melbourne tram network.

Other reforms included the establishment of foundling hospitals, the abolition of capital punishment for theft and of the employment of torture in judicial process, the doing away with such demoralizing abuses as perquisites, and of " lackeyism ," or the appointment of great men's domestics to lucrative public posts.

According to Cicero, the auctoritas of ius augurum included the right to adjourn and overturn the process of law: consular election could be-and was-rendered invalid by inaugural error.

The urban planning process for Columbia included not only planners, but also a convened panel of nationally recognized experts in the social sciences, known as the Work Group.

Factors which contributed to this process included, among other issues, eligibility rules for College Bowl ( which limited the number of graduate students who could compete and required a minimum courseload ), higher participation costs for College Bowl relative to these other formats, and concerns regarding the quality and difficulty of the questions used in College Bowl competitions.

The role of the Housing Foundation included financing the project and overseeing the planning and building process so as to ensure consistency within different areas of the town.

Plant and Korner were in the process of recording a full album with Plant on vocals until Page had asked him to join " the New Yardbirds ", aka Led Zeppelin.

The word was formerly written in English as " Accomptant ", but in process of time the word, which was always pronounced by dropping the " p ", became gradually changed both in pronunciation and in orthography to its present form ( see also comptroller ).

In 1983, the American National Standards Institute formed a committee, X3J11, to establish a standard specification of C. After a long and arduous process, the standard was completed in 1989 and ratified as ANSI X3. 159-1989 " Programming Language C ." This version of the language is often referred to as " ANSI C ", or sometimes " C89 " ( to distinguish it from C99 ).

The Buddha of the earliest Buddhists texts describes Dharma ( in the sense of " truth ") as " beyond reasoning " or " transcending logic ", in the sense that reasoning is a subjectively introduced aspect of the way unenlightened humans perceive things, and the conceptual framework which underpins their cognitive process, rather than a feature of things as they really are.

Banner overcome his " problem ", and falls in love with him in the process.

The most important single article of the Magna Carta, related to " habeas corpus ", provided that the king was not permitted to imprison, outlaw, exile or kill anyone at a whim — there must be due process of law first.

The remaining part of former " Krajina ", areas adjacent to FR Yugoslavia, negotiated a peaceful reintegration process with the Croatian Government.

Briefly, if we consider a morphism between two objects as a " process taking us from one object to another ", then higher-dimensional categories allow us to profitably generalize this by considering " higher-dimensional processes ".

Frequently referred to as " Canada's birthday ", particularly in the popular press, the occasion marks the joining of the British North American colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada into a federation of four provinces ( the Province of Canada being divided, in the process, into Ontario and Quebec ) on July 1, 1867.

In a general sense, anything that increases the rate of a process is a " catalyst ", a term derived from Greek καταλύειν, meaning " to annul ," or " to untie ," or " to pick up.

The effects of this process will remain for a period of time known as the " refractory period ", which can range from a few seconds to some hours while it is slowly reabsorbed back into the synovial fluid.

Modern developmental biology studies the genetic control of cell growth, differentiation and " morphogenesis ", which is the process that gives rise to tissues, organs and anatomy.

Divination ( from Latin divinare " to foresee, to be inspired by a god ", related to divinus, divine ) is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic standardized process or ritual.

" But the candidate is disqualified if " innocent bystanders ", who might have contributed positively to the gene pool, are killed in the process.

Another theory suggests the brain may process sensory input ( perhaps all sensory input ) as a " memory-in-progress ", and that therefore during the event itself one believes it to be a past memory.

This process is initiated at particular points in the DNA, known as " origins ", which are targeted by proteins that separate the two strands and initiate DNA synthesis.

In 1877, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne ( 1837 – 1900 ) first used the term enzyme, which comes from Greek ενζυμον, " in leaven ", to describe this process.

This ion-exchange process is the basis of the " negative europium anomaly ", the low europium content in many lanthanide minerals such as monazite, relative to the chondritic abundance.

In a 2001 interview, he stated a desire for " elegance ", whereby the correct approach would be to process thoughts mentally, rather than attempt to render them until they are complete.

One meaning often given is that of " old songs, with no known composers ", another is that of music that has been submitted to an evolutionary " process of oral transmission .... the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character.

" It provides an introduction to Guattari's theories on " schizoanalysis ", a process that develops Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis but which pursues a more experimental and collective approach towards analysis.

The gases are expelled from the rectum in a process colloquially referred to as " passing gas ", " breaking wind " or " farting ".

Gleichschaltung ), meaning " coordination ", " making the same ", " bringing into line ", is a Nazi term for the process by which the Nazi regime successively established a system of totalitarian control and tight coordination over all aspects of society.