:: A tendency towards reciprocity implies that people will feel obligated to respond if someone helps them.

There were a few reasons for this, one of which was political, as the kings of England preferred to appoint bishops from the south to the northern bishoprics, hoping to counter the northern tendency towards separatism.

In BrE, both irregular and regular forms are current, but for some words ( such as smelt and leapt ) there is a strong tendency towards the irregular forms, especially by users of Received Pronunciation.

* Economists use the term " global labor arbitrage " to refer to the tendency of manufacturing jobs to flow towards whichever country has the lowest wages per unit output at present and has reached the minimum requisite level of political and economic development to support industrialization.

This " knowledge " then leads to a tendency towards a binary opposition of the orient vs. the occident, where one is defined in opposition to the other, and they are unequal in value.

It meant a tendency towards direct appropriation by Europeans of the social institutions within Africa.

Judaism teaches that humans are born with freewill, and morally neutral, with both a yetzer hatov, ( literally, " the good inclination ", in some views, a tendency towards goodness, in others, a tendency towards having a productive life and a tendency to be concerned with others ) and a yetzer hara, ( literally " the evil inclination ", in some views, a tendency towards evil, and in others, a tendency towards base or animal behavior and a tendency to be selfish ).

This tendency effected the narrowing field of artistic possibility to such forms of art as Arabesque, mosaic, Islamic calligraphy, and Islamic architecture, as well as any form of abstraction that can claim the status of non-representational art.

This self-consciousness often led to experiments with form and work that draws attention to the processes and materials used ( and to the further tendency of abstraction ).

It was this basic trait that separated Adams from the ranks of professional historians and led him to commit time and time again what was his most serious offense against the historical method -- namely, the tendency to assume the truth of an hypothesis before submitting it to the test of facts.

First, and most obvious, was the growing nationalism and the tendency to regard the state, and the individual's identification with the state, as transcending other ties of social solidarity.

He was critical of what he feels is President Kennedy's tendency to be too conciliatory.

There was a tendency in late eighteenth century Enlightenment thought to understand human society as natural phenomena that behaved according to certain principles and that could be observed empirically.

The justification for attributing life to objects was stated by David Hume in his Natural History of Religion ( Section III ): " There is a universal tendency among mankind to conceive all beings like themselves, and to transfer to every object those qualities with which they are familiarly acquainted, and of which they are intimately conscious.

Her practice of accompanying Germanicus on campaigns was considered inappropriate, and her tendency to take command in these situations was viewed with suspicion as subversively masculine.

There was also a tendency for the four meetings to be aggregated toward the end of each state month.

To the Athenians it seems what had to be guarded against was not incompetence but any tendency to use office as a way of accumulating ongoing power.

Its worst tendency was that of detonating prematurely, approximately a thousand feet in front of the launching aircraft, but it also had many motor failures, erratic flights, and fuzing problems.

In the Eastern churches, latifundia entailed to a bishop's see were much less common, the state power did not collapse the way it did in the West, and thus the tendency of bishops acquiring secular power was much weaker than in the West.

The general tendency of his mind, nevertheless, was counter to tradition, and he is remarkable as resuming in his individual history all the phases of Protestant theology from Luther to Fausto Sozzini.

Christopher Hitchens was offended by the notion of Clinton as the first black president noting " we can still define blackness by the following symptoms: alcoholic mothers, under-the-bridge habits ... the tendency to sexual predation and shameless perjury about the same ".

Quite contrary to the general tendency of politicians in the 1990s, he was all substance and no show ".

The ideal quality of the original Somerset Cheddar was described by Joseph Harding in 1864 as " close and firm in texture, yet mellow in character or quality ; it is rich with a tendency to melt in the mouth, the flavour full and fine, approaching to that of a hazelnut ".

The PDFLP was headed by Secretary-General Nayef Hawatmeh, who had been referred to as a leader of the PFLP's Maoist tendency.

Domitian's tendency towards micromanagement was nowhere more evident than in his financial policy.

While in Italy the tendency was to give scale by increasing the number of panels, in France the contrary seems to have been the rule ; and one of the great doors at Fontainebleau, which is in two leaves, is entirely carried out as if consisting of one great panel only.

However, in many traditions ( given the inherent tendency of Christian liturgical texts to ossification ), it was not unusual for subsequent Christian generations to seek to provide paraphrased Gospel versions in language closer to the vernacular of their own day.

He was asked to leave Northampton in July 1767 by the authorities ; while no official reason is known, biographer Michael Bellesiles suggests that religious differences and Allen's tendency to be disruptive may have played a role in his departure.

Sadly Alfaro too was confronted a dissident tendency inside its own party, directed by its General Leonidas Plaza and constituted by the upper middle class of Guayaquil.

David Carr of Yale University commented in 1970 on Husserl's following: " It is well known that Husserl was always disappointed at the tendency of his students to go their own way, to embark upon fundamental revisions of phenomenology rather than engage in the communal task " as originally intended by the radical new science.

Euripides and other playwrights accordingly composed more and more arias for accomplished actors to sing and this tendency becomes more marked in his later plays: tragedy was a " living and ever-changing genre " ( other changes in his work are touched on in the previous section and in Chronology ; a list of his plays is given in Extant plays below ).

It appears that the dominant tendency of Mann's early tales, however pictorial or even picturesque the surface, is already toward the symbolic, the emblematic, the expressionistic.

Again, the exclusive tendency of richer people ... is already leading to the closing, in their interest, of considerable portions of the surface of the land.

In spite of his tendency towards high art, he was already known and appreciated as a humorist, and his early companionship with Charles Keene fostered and developed his talent for scholarly caricature.

In programming, it is also common to refer to the NIH Syndrome as the tendency towards reinventing the wheel ( reimplementing something that is already available ) based on the belief that in-house developments are inherently better suited, more secure or more controlled than existing implementations.

The foundation of the Fourth International was seen as more than just the simple renaming of an international tendency that was already in existence.

On a linguistic level, these cases also exemplify an extensively documented tendency, in many languages, towards conservatism and economy in neologization, with some languages historically only allowing for the expansion of meaning within already existing word-forms.

They also view this tendency as the extension of an already prevalent Francophone influence on the capital region.

Yet even this oldest of the Passion Plays already shows a tendency to break away from the ritual and to adopt a more dramatic form.

As the Khemaka Sutta points out, those who have already attained one of the lower levels of enlightenment may not identify with anything in particular, but may still have the illusion of subjectivity ; that is, there may not be anything for which they think " I am this ", but they may still retain the tendency to feel " I am ".

However, the eminent liberal Dutch historian Robert Fruin, ( who was inspired by Motley to do some of his own best work ), and who had reported already in 1856 in the " Westminster Review " Motley's edition on the " Rise of the Dutch republic ", was critical of Motley's tendency to make up " facts " if they made for a good story.

Actually the musical pre-settings are already anticipating later Ass Cobra era – dark death driven punk rock with occasional excursions into hardcore and metal as well as a certain tendency to disruptive and sarcastic lyrics.

Unfortunately, Dot has a tendency to get involved with women who do not self-identify as lesbian and who are already involved with a man.

Adult KADs are spread out across the globe, but there seem to be a tendency to cluster around certain geographic locations, often larger cities or areas with a high concentration of Asians / Koreans already existing.

Historically, the Lei de Terras followed an already existing tendency from colonial times in favour of large landholdings by means of mammooth land grants to well-placed people, usually worked by means of slave labour.

* Gerês Valley-development of tourism, around the Caniçada Dam and Thermal baths, resulted in uncontrolled re-construction, re-modelling and expansion of existing residences, although there already existed a tendency for expansion along the avenues and accessways along the valley ;

Although the term is not new and was already used by James Heath in his book A Brief Chronicle of all the Chief Actions so fatally Falling out in the three Kingdoms, first published in 1662, recent publications ' tendency to name these linked conflicts the Wars of the Three Kingdoms represents a trend by historians aiming to take a unified overview rather than treating some of the conflicts as mere background to the English Civil War.

Furthermore, if the consumer has already done business with a company, or is previously familiar with a product, they have a tendency to not read the privacy policies that the company has posted.

Policy incrementalism reflects policymakers tendency to build on what already exists and is characterised by minimal disturbance of the current state.

At the time of the Reformation these were still narrow, though already showing a tendency to expand.

Studies confirm that the general tendency of investors is to buy after a stock or mutual fund price has already increased.

Selective distortion is a term that refers to the tendency of people to interpret information in a way that will support what they already believe.

Mitsunobu's daughter married Kanō Motonobu, head of the Kanō school, which increased the tendency of Kanō artists, already using two distinct styles, to work in a Tosa style when occasion demanded.

Whether Basilides himself had already given this magic tendency to Gnosticism cannot be decided.

The tendency to oppose Buddhism can be seen already during the early modern era as a nationalistic reaction to its spreading but the term usually indicates the anti-Buddhist movement that, from the middle of the Edo period onwards, accompanied Confucianism, the study of ancient Japanese literature and culture ( kokugaku ), and Shinto nationalism, all movements with reasons to oppose Buddhism.