While the Byzantine Empire was to continue for nearly another four centuries, and the Crusades would contest the issue for some time, the victory at Manzikert signalled the beginning of Turkish ascendancy in Anatolia.

About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, the pair mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a crater on the rim of Flag Crater, a crater across.

Within five days after the beginning of their terms, the four Aediles ( two Plebeian, two Curule ) were required to determine, by lot or by agreement among themselves, what parts of the city each should hold jurisdiction over.

At the beginning of the 19th century they belonged to Bukhara ; but under the emir Dost Mahommed the Afghans recovered Balkh and Tashkurgan in 1850, Akcha and the four western khanates in 1855, and Kunduz in 1859.

The 1910 tour to South Africa marked the official beginning of British and Irish rugby tours: the inaugural tour operating under all four unions.

Ruth figures as one of four females named in the genealogy of Jesus at the beginning of the Gospel of Matthew ( Matthew 1: 1-17 ).

Only CF, CH, CI, CJ and CK are currently in common use, although four radio stations in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador retained call letters beginning with VO when Newfoundland joined Canadian Confederation in 1949.

It is common to display the Gregorian calendar in separate monthly grids of seven columns ( from Monday to Sunday, or Sunday to Saturday depending on which day is considered to start the week-this varies according to country ) and five to six rows ( or rarely, four rows when the month of February contains 28 days beginning on the first day of the week ), with the day of the month numbered in each cell, beginning with 1.

* The Four Great Books of Song, a term referring to the four large compilations during the beginning of Song Dynasty.

Of the ten state-run voucher programs in the United States at the beginning of 2011, however, four targeted low-income students, two targeted students in failing schools, and six targeted students with special needs.

It is bordered on all sides by a white line indicating its beginning and end points, with orange, square pylons placed at each of the four corners as a visual aid.

Traditionally it has been argued that prior to the beginning of the 14th century, the weapon was a self bow between four and five feet in length, known since the 19th century as the shortbow.

The band announced a three-week residency in Las Vegas, with bassist Nikki Sixx stating, " This is the beginning of what will be the biggest probably four to five years of the band's career.

* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as Caesar to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.

The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1947.

The Gospel of Mary provides important information about the role of women in the early church, although it is missing six pages from the beginning, and four from the middle.

After starting 5 – 0 in the 2009 season, New York lost to the likewise undefeated New Orleans Saints at the Superdome 48 – 27, beginning a four game losing streak, in which they lost to the Arizona Cardinals 24 – 17, the San Diego Chargers 21 – 20 and the Philadelphia Eagles 40 – 17.

Francia was supposed to trade places every four months with the second consul, Fulgencio Yegros, but Francia's consulship marked the beginning of his direct rule because Yegros was little more than a figurehead.

Not until the beginning of the 19th century did it become clear that reptiles and amphibians are in fact quite different animals, and Pierre André Latreille erected the class Batracia ( 1825 ) for the latter, dividing the tetrapods into the four familiar classes of reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals.

So does the very first recorded Robin Hood rhyme, four lines from the early 15th century, beginning: " Robyn hode in scherewode stod.

By 1860 the total number of slaves reached almost four million, and the American Civil War, beginning in 1861, led to the end of slavery in the United States.

Dame Kristina resisted for four months longer, and when in the beginning of autumn the tide of war started to turn in Kristina's favour.

Because of injuries to defensive linemen ( at the beginning of the season the Dolphins were down to four healthy defensive linemen ) defensive coordinator Bill Arnsparger created what he called the " 53 " defense, in which versatile Bob Matheson ( number 53 ) would be used as either a defensive end in the standard 4-3 defense or as a fourth linebacker in a 3-4 defense, with Manny Fernandez at nose tackle.

This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars until 1763 between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes.

After many years and many interruptions he was able to finish the canopy fresco, and slightly less than half the frieze, beginning with the Liberty group opposite the East door, and ending with William Penn, all but one leg, when a tragic accident ended his career.

A decade and a half later, the Polish anthropology student, Bronisław Malinowski ( 1884 – 1942 ), was beginning what he expected to be a brief period of fieldwork in the old model, collecting lists of cultural items, when the outbreak of the First World War stranded him in New Guinea.

When used for its medicinal purposes ayahuasca affects the human consciousness for less than six hours, beginning half an hour after consumption, and peaking after two hours.

From being a mere village in an agricultural district at the beginning of the 19th century, the place grew rapidly in population owing to the abundance of coal and iron ore, and the population of the whole parish, 1, 486 in 1801, increased tenfold during the first half of the 19th century.

In " A Village Sketch ," author Miss Mitford wrote: " Then comes a sun-burnt gipsy of six, beginning to grow tall and thin and to find the cares of the world gathering about her ; with a pitcher in one hand, a mop in the other, an old straw bonnet of ambiguous shape, half hiding her tangled hair ; a tattered stuff petticoat once green, hanging below an equally tattered cotton frock, once purple ; her longing eyes fixed on a game of baseball at the corner of the green till she reaches the cottage door, flings down the mop and pitcher and darts off to her companions quite regardless of the storm of scolding with which the mother follows her runaway steps.

The top half of the picture shows the beginning of the round, with bets placed and an initial two cards for each player.

At the beginning of the 20th century, half of the population of Lower Brittany knew only Breton, the other half being bilingual.

The remaining 14 naturally occurring elements possess half lives too short for them to have been present at the beginning of the Solar System, and are therefore considered to be transient elements.

Ironically, the rise of infantry in the early 16th century coincided with the " golden age " of heavy cavalry ; a French or Spanish army at the beginning of the century could have up to half its numbers made up of various kinds of light and heavy cavalry, whereas in earlier medieval and later 17th century armies the proportion of cavalry was seldom more than a quarter.

The answer to the previous week's " Puzzler " is given at the beginning of the " second half " of the show, and a new puzzler is given at the start of the " third half ".

Therefore, the most probable date for its composition is the second half of the year 63 or the beginning of 64, according to the Catholic Encyclopedia.

* 1808 – Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish war, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country ( i. e. Finland ) to Russia.

Rioplatense Spanish, and particularly the speech of the city of Buenos Aires, has intonation patterns that resemble those of Italian languages, because Argentina has had a continuous large influx of Italian settlers since the second half of the nineteenth century: initially primarily from northern Italy ; then, since the beginning of the twentieth century, mostly from southern Italy.

The beginning of Polish parish in modern times is connected to him In XIX century Polish population of the town consisted among others of Polish soldiers in Prussian service stationed in the city, salt refining specialists from Ciechocinek, political prisoners in local Prussian and permanent Polish inhabitants In the second half of XIX century the Polish community further increased with arrival of Polish workers During the period 1875-1914 an active Polish community grew and through its funds a Catholic school and the Church of Saint Marcin where masses in Polish were held ( initially throughout the season, after about 1890 all the year ), were established.

The keiretsu maintained dominance over the Japanese economy for the greater half of the 20th century, but are beginning to lose their grip.

The northern half of the country was ruled as a colony for some decades by Germany, beginning in 1884, as German New Guinea.

In the second half of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century in Russia, painters such as Vasily Polenov, Isaac Levitan, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin and I. E. Grabar were known for painting en plein air.

The medieval Goidelic festival of Samhain marked the end of the harvest, the end of the " lighter half " of the year and beginning of the " darker half ".

The Gaulish calendar appears to have divided the year into two halves: the ' dark ' half, beginning with the month Samonios ( the October / November lunation ), and the ' light ' half, beginning with the month Giamonios ( the April / May lunation ).