The view of J. R. R. Tolkien is that the poem retains a much too genuine memory of Anglo-Saxon paganism to have been composed more than a few generations after the completion of the Christianisation of England around AD 700.

The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien ( 1937 ) is seminal, predating the lecture On Fairy-Stories by the same author by a few years.

" Farmer Giles of Ham " is a Medieval fable written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1937 and published in 1949.

Tolkien insists, tongue in cheek, that the village of Thame originally referred to the Tame Dragon housed in it, and that " tame with an h is a folly without warrant.

In contrast to Tolkien, Martin does not intend to publish his private backstory notes after the series is finished.

J. R. R. Tolkien, in the legendarium surrounding his Elves, uses " Gnomes " as a name of the Noldor, the most gifted and technologically minded of his elvish races, in conscious exploitation of the similarity with gnomic ; Gnomes is thus Tolkien's English loan-translation of Quenya Noldor, " those with knowledge ".

Tolkien, the magical realism of Gabriel García Márquez ) and what the significance of this difference is.

is: J. R. R. Tolkien

" Leaf by Niggle " is a short story written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1938 – 39 and first published in the Dublin Review in January 1945.

" On Fairy-Stories " is an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the fairy-story as a literary form.

Tolkien emphasizes that through the use of fantasy, which he equates with fancy and imagination, the author can bring the reader to experience a world which is consistent and rational, under rules other than those of the normal world.

In conclusion and as expanded upon in an epilogue, Tolkien asserts that a truly good and representative fairy story is marked by joy: " Far more powerful and poignant is the effect joy in a serious tale of Faerie.

J. R. R. Tolkien opposed the nationalist reaction against philological practices, claiming that " the philological instinct " was " universal as is the use of language ".

Probably the most famous user of proverbs in novels is J. R. R. Tolkien in his The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings series.

Tolkien: Master of Middle-earth ," which describes the impact Tolkien's writings had on him, is featured in the following titles:

The book, featuring a text in Middle English with extensive scholarly notes, is frequently confused with the translation into Modern English that Tolkien prepared, along with translations of Pearl and Sir Orfeo, late in his life.

Tolkien, however, is not simply skimming historical sources for effect: linguistic styles, especially the relationship between the modern and ancient, has been seen to be one of the major themes explored by the story.

Tolkien is credited with being the first critic to expound on Beowulf as a literary work with value beyond merely historical, and his 1936 lecture Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics is still required reading for students of Anglo-Saxon.

The Mythopoeic Society is a literary organization devoted to the study of mythopoeic literature, particularly the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Charles Williams, founded in 1967 and incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1971.

One of the most popular " trilogies " of fantasy books, The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, is not a trilogy, though it is often referred to as such.

The sarati, described in Parma Eldalamberon 13, a script developed by J. R. R. Tolkien in the late 1910s, anticipates many features of the tengwar, especially the vowel representation by diacritics ( which is found in many tengwar varieties ), different tengwar shapes and a few correspondences between sound features and letter shape features ( though inconsistent ).

Even closer to the tengwar is the Valmaric script, described in Parma Eldalamberon 14, which J. R. R. Tolkien used from about 1922 to 1925.

It was this that earned her comparisons to Hans Christian Andersen and Tolkien who also wrote completely new stories but based in some elements of real mythology.

In 1966, Tolkien referred to " cellar door " in an interview, using it as an example of the way in which words will shape his stories: " Supposing you say some quite ordinary words to me, ' cellar door ', say ," he said.

And for me this had a reassuring outcome, for most of his more ardent supporters were soon beginning to sell out their shares in Professor Tolkien, and today those books have passed into a merciful oblivion.

" Tolkien himself said of Quenya, " Actually it might be said to be composed on a Latin basis with two other ingredients that happen to give me ' phonaesthetic ' pleasure: Finnish and Greek.

The Cirth (; " Runes ") are the letters of a semi-artificial script which was invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works.

This brash act ( which ultimately benefited his primary competitors as well as Tolkien ) was really the Big Bang that founded the modern fantasy field, and only someone like my father could have done that.

* The Red Book of Westmarch and a surviving copy of it called The Thain's Book, portions of which were " translated " by J. R. R. Tolkien into his books The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.

In The Father Christmas Letters, which Tolkien wrote for his children, Red Gnomes are helpful creatures who come from Norway to the North Pole to assist Father Christmas and his Elves in fighting the wicked Goblins.

Such distortions of Germanic mythology were denounced by J. R. R. Tolkien, e. g. in a 1941 letter where he speaks of Hitler's corruption of "... that noble northern spirit, a supreme contribution to Europe, which I have ever loved and tried to present in its true light.

This concept, which shares much in common with phenomenology, Tolkien calls " recovery ," in the sense that one's unquestioned assumptions might be recovered and changed by an outside perspective.

And third, Tolkien suggests that fairy stories ( can ) provide moral or emotional consolation, through their happy ending, which he terms a " eucatastrophe ".

* Tolkien on Fairy-Stories, by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson: " A new expanded edition of Tolkien's most famous, and most important essay, which defined his conception of fantasy as a literary form ..."( 2008 ) ISBN 978-0-00-724466-9.

The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers ' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis.

Chance compares the development and growth of Bilbo against other characters to the concepts of just kingship versus sinful kingship derived from the Ancrene Wisse ( which Tolkien had written on in 1929 ) and a Christian understanding of Beowulf.

In 1997 Tolkien Enterprises licensed the film rights to Miramax, which assigned them in 1998 to New Line Cinema.

Tolkien also created scripts for his Elvish languages, of which the best known are the Sarati, the Tengwar, and the Cirth.

Humphrey Carpenter in his 1977 biography relates that Tolkien owned a postcard entitled Der Berggeist (), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote " the origin of Gandalf ".

Morris ' book is a multi-part ' magical journey ' involving elves, dwarves and kings in a pseudo-medieval landscape which is known to have deeply influenced Tolkien.

Tolkien discusses the characteristics of Gandalf in his essay on the Istari, which appears in the work Unfinished Tales.

* The painting from which Tolkien drew inspiration for Gandalf

The languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien are a set of constructed languages, of which most but not all were created for his fictional universe, often called Middle-earth.

* Naffarin was the first language Tolkien constructed by himself during his adolescence ; only one sentence remains which shows a Spanish affinity.

* Gautisk is a Germanic " unrecorded " language in which Tolkien called himself Undarhruiménitupp.