Tricyclic antidepressants, especially amitriptyline, have been shown to improve pain in what appears to be a central manner.

Tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs ) are heterocyclic chemical compounds used primarily as antidepressants.

Tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs ) work through binding to the presynaptic transporter proteins and blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine or 5-HT into the presynaptic terminal, prolonging the duration of transmitter action at the synapse.

; Tricyclic antidepressants

* Tricyclic antidepressants ;

* Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressant prescription drugs with anti-muscarinic properties have been proven successful in treating bedwetting, but also have an increased risk of side effects, including death from overdose.

* Tricyclic antidepressants like imipramine.

Obsessive-compulsive disorders are treated with various antidepressants: from the Tricyclic antidepressant family clomipramine ( brand name Anafranil ); and from the SSRI families paroxetine ( Paxil ), fluoxetine ( Prozac ), fluvoxamine ( Luvox ), sertraline ( Zoloft ) and citalopram ( Celexa ).

* Tricyclic antidepressants are recommended in a 2007 guideline by the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society.

Tricyclic antidepressants, such as doxepin, also are often potent H < sub > 1 </ sub > and H < sub > 2 </ sub > antagonists and may have a role in therapy, although side effects limit their use.

Tricyclic antidepressants such as phenytoin, amitriptyline, or carbamazepine may help stabbing pains and have central and peripheral anticholinergic and sedative effects.

Tricyclic antidepressants, tetracyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are also occasionally, but rarely, prescribed.

SSRIs are usually the first line of treatment via pharmacotherapy due to its more tolerable nature and reduced side effects versus the irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors or Tricyclic antidepressants.

Category: Tricyclic antidepressants

Category: Tricyclic antidepressants

Category: Tricyclic antidepressants

* Tricyclic antidepressants, a class of medications which block serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake in the brain.

Category: Tricyclic antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) such as fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline appear to alleviate some pathopsychological symptoms ; the reasons for such will be explained further in the subsequent section.

Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, and sodium channel blockers, mainly carbamazepine, are often used to relieve chronic pain, and recently have been used in an attempt to reduce phantom pains.

Category: Tricyclic antidepressants

An alternative approach is for pain modification, for which off-label use of low-doses of Tricyclic antidepressant that have anti-muscarinic properties ( e. g. Amitriptyline or the less sedative Nortriptyline ) generally prove more effective.

* Tricyclic antidepressant

* Tricyclic antidepressant

* Tricyclic antidepressant

Tricyclic antidepressant drugs, particularly when given in high doses, can induce sinus tachycardia, changes in conduction time, and arrhythmias.

* Tricyclic antidepressant

* Tricyclic antidepressant

** Tricyclic Antidepressants ( TCAs ): Amitriptyline, Butriptyline, Clomipramine, Desipramine, Dosulepin, Doxepin, Imipramine, Lofepramine, Nortriptyline, Protriptyline, Trimipramine.

Tricyclic and dual serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibition by SNRIs ( or SSRI-NRI combinations ), have also shown analgesic properties additionally.

In addition to these factors, the duration of SWS periods can be increased by the ingestion of THC, certain SSRIs, and certain Tricyclic antidepressants, such as Trazadone.

The analgesic choice is also determined by the type of pain: for neuropathic pain, traditional analgesics are less effective, and there is often benefit from classes of drugs that are not normally considered analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.

Drugs including the monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs ), tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs ), tetracyclic antidepressants ( TeCAs ), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs ) are most commonly associated with the term.

Most typical antidepressants have a delayed onset of action ( 2 – 6 weeks ) and are usually administered for anywhere from months to years.

Despite the name, antidepressants are often used to treat other conditions, such as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, and some hormone-mediated disorders such as dysmenorrhea.

Other medications that are not usually called antidepressants, including antipsychotics in low doses and benzodiazepines, may be used to manage depression, although the use of benzodiazepines can cause a physical dependence.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) are the class of antidepressants commonly used as the first-line treatment for depression because they have a favorable side effect profile and low toxicity.

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs ) are a newer form of antidepressants that work on both norepinephrine and 5-HT.

However, tricyclic antidepressants are still used because of their effectiveness, especially in severe cases of major depression.

MAOIs can be as effective as tricyclic antidepressants, although they are generally used less frequently because they have a higher incidence of dangerous side effects and interactions.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor ( SSRIs ) are a class of compounds typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders.

SSRIs are primarily classified as antidepressants and typically higher dosages are required to be effective against anxiety disorders than to be effective against depression but nevertheless most SSRIs have anxiolytic properties, but are anxiogenic when first initiating treatment, and in some individuals continue to be anxiety-provoking.

Older tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs ) are very anxiolytic as well, however, side effects are greater.

Nevertheless, benzodiazepines continue to be prescribed for the long-term treatment of anxiety disorders, although specific antidepressants and psychological therapies are recommended as the first-line treatment options with the anticonvulsant drug pregabalin indicated as a second-or third-line treatment and suitable for long-term use.

The only medications NICE recommends for the longer term management of GAD are antidepressants.

CPA guidelines note that after 4 – 6 weeks the effect of benzodiazepines may decrease to the level of placebo, and that benzodiazepines are less effective than antidepressants in alleviating ruminative worry, the core symptom of GAD.

Nonbenzodiazepines such as zaleplon and zolpidem and low doses of sedating antidepressants are sometimes used as alternatives to benzodiazepines.

The tetracyclic antidepressants ( TeCAs ), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds.