In 1345, the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan proclaimed himself Emperor ( Tsar ) and was crowned as such at Skopje on Easter 1346 by the newly created Patriarch of Serbia, and by the Patriarch of Bulgaria and the autocephalous Archbishop of Ohrid.

Tsar Dušan enacted the known Dušan's Code, an extensive constitution, and opened new trade routes and strengthened the state's economy.

The Mrnjavčević family may have later supported Serbian Tsar Dušan in his preparations to invade Bosnia, as did other Zachlumian nobles, and fearing punishment, emigrated to the Serbian Empire before the war started.

Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia | Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, Tsar of Serbia ( 1346 – 1355 )

Tsar Dušan created a set of laws known as Dušan's Code, in 1349 and 1354.

Tsar Dušan doubled the size of his former kingdom, seizing territories to the south, southeast and east at the expense of Byzantium.

When the Serbian King ( Tsar ) Dušan, died in 1355, the city passed into the hands of the Albanian family of Thopias.

The city became a major religious center of medieval Serbia under the Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan, who made it the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346.

Vojislav started as a stavilac at the court of Tsar Dušan, but by 1363 he controlled a large region from Mount Rudnik in central Serbia to Konavle on the Adriatic coast, and from the upper reaches of the Drina River to northern Kosovo.

Tsar Dušan enacted the known Dušan's Code, an extensive constitution, and opened new trade routes and strengthened the state's economy.

* Emperor Dušan ( Dušan the Mighty ) ( 1331 – 1355 ), King of Serbia ( 1331 – 1346 ); Tsar of Serbs and Greeks ( 1346 – 1355 )

Image: CarDusan. jpg | Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan holding the patriarchal cross.

The eastern part of the peninsula was part of a medieval Slavic duchy of Hum or Zachlumia, the control over which changed hands numerous times before 1333 when as a result of a war, the Republic of Ragusa bought the entire peninsula from the Serbian Empire of Tsar Dušan.

In 1355, the Serbian state fell apart on the death of Tsar Stefan Dušan and dissolved into squabbling fiefdoms.

The ball is suddenly interrupted by Grigori Rasputin ( Christopher Lloyd ), a sorcerer who was banished by the Tsar for treason.

Tsar Nicholas died with his philosophy in dispute.

In 1894, her brother-in-law Alexander III of Russia died and her nephew Nicholas II of Russia became Tsar.

Joséphine died of pneumonia in Rueil-Malmaison on 29 May 1814, four days after catching cold during a walk with Tsar Alexander in the gardens of Malmaison.

However, the Tsar died in 1855 and never saw the fountain.

At any rate, Tsar Kaloyan wrote to Pope Innocent III, reporting that Baldwin had died in prison.

In March 1855 the old Tsar, Nicholas I, died and was succeeded by his son, Alexander II, who wished to make peace.

Interestingly Napoleon's old rival Jean Victor Marie Moreau who had only recently returned from his banishment from the United States was talking to the Tsar ( who wished to see Napoleon defeated ) and was mortally wounded in the battle and died later on September 2 in Louny.

When Tsar Alexander I died on, the royal guards swore allegiance to the presumed heir, Alexander's brother Constantine.

About two months later, Tsar Uroš died.

When his father died, " young king " Marko legally became a king and the co-ruler of Tsar Uroš.

His wife died of shock shortly afterwards, and their children were made wards of the Tsar.

* Tsar Peter I of Bulgaria ( died 970 )

At the end of his life the Tsar, who had visited him frequently during his illness, was with him when he died, and with his own hands closed his eyes.

* Duke Albrecht Eugen of Württemberg ( born 8 January 1895 in Stuttgart ; died 24 June 1954 in Schwäbisch Gmünd ), who married Princess Nadezhda of Bulgaria ( 1899 – 1958 ), daughter of Tsar Ferdinand I.

An alarmed Sher Ali attempted to appeal in person to the Russian Tsar for assistance, but unable to do so, he returned to Mazari Sharif, where he died on 21 February 1879.

In 1943, after Tsar Boris III died, Filov became one of Bulgaria ’ s three regents.

Wife of Tsar Alexander III, and mother of Nicholas II, ( the last Russian Tsar ), Maria Feodorovna died on 13 October 1928 in exile in her native Denmark.

She became widowed when Tsar Alexei died in 1676 ; a son from his previous marriage ascended the throne as Tsar Feodor.

When Feodor died in 1682, her 10-year old son became Tsar Peter the Great.

Tsar Boris also proved less malleable than Hitler had hoped, and following a meeting in Berlin in August 1943, the Tsar became seriously ill and died, aged 49.

After a performance of the ballet ' Tsar Kandavl ' at the Mariinsky Theatre, I first caught sight of the Emperor.

In more ordinary cases Tsar Alexander III could be at once kind, simple, and even almost homely.

Opposition to the union seemed to subside somewhat for a time upon the publication of Tsar Nicholas II's congratulations to the king on his engagement and of his acceptance to act as the principal witness at the wedding.

A leading proponent of the Great Game, Disraeli introduced the Royal Titles Act 1876, which created Queen Victoria Empress of India, putting her at the same level as the Russian Tsar.

The apple of discord: King George I of Greece and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria at Thessaloniki, December 1912.

There, with the active aid of the Russian government, he at length got access to the remainder of the precious Sinaitic codex, and persuaded the monks to present it to Tsar Alexander II of Russia, at whose cost it was published in 1862 ( in four folio volumes ).

Indeed he was never rich, but he staunchly defended the rights of the monks at St. Catherine's Monastery when he persuaded them eventually to send the manuscript to the Tsar.

But in 1648 beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, at this time in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which continues until 1654, and results is concluded in the city of Pereyaslav during the meeting between the Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host and Tsar Alexey I of Russia the Treaty of Pereyaslav.

Unable to decisively engage and defeat the standing Russian armies, Napoleon attempted to force the Tsar to terms by capturing Moscow at the onset of winter.

* 1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.

The plotters had stuffed hollowed-out books with dynamite, which they intended to throw at the Tsar when he arrived at the cathedral.

Russia's Tsar Alexander II and his chancellor Prince Gorchakov, at the time on a state visit to Germany, seized the opportunity to inject themselves as European peace makers.

* 1961 – Nuclear testing: The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya ; at 50 megatons of yield, it is still the largest explosive device ever detonated, nuclear or otherwise.

The Tsar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution of February 1917 ( March in the Gregorian calendar ; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time ).

World War I prompted a Russian outcry directed at Tsar Nicholas II.

The eldest, Nicholas, became Tsar upon his father's sudden death ( due to kidney disease ) at age 49.

On July 18, 1918, the day after the killing at Yekaterinburg of the last Tsar, Nicholas II and family, members of the extended Russian royal family, the Romanovs, including a nun, and servants met a brutal death by being thrown down a mineshaft near Alapayevsk by Bolsheviks.

Early in 1570 the ambassadors of Ivan IV of Russia concluded at Constantinople a treaty which restored friendly relations between the Sultan and the Tsar.

A quarter of a century later, Joseph Conrad described Amsterdam's trams in chapter 14 of The Mirror of the Sea ( 1906 ): From afar at the end of Tsar Peter Straat, issued in the frosty air the tinkle of bells of the horse tramcars, appearing and disappearing in the opening between the buildings, like little toy carriages harnessed with toy horses and played with by people that appeared no bigger than children.

** Shooting of the Romanov family: By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by the Cheka, Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei, and retainers are executed at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia.

* Tsar Peter the Great of Russia studies with the physician Herman Boerhaave at Leiden University.

In Eastern Europe, Stefan Dushan was proclaimed Tsar of Serbia on April 16 ( Easter Sunday ) at Skopje.