You are the Ark in which is found the golden vessel containing the true manna, that is, the flesh in which Divinity resides " ( Homily of the Papyrus of Turin ).

While Manetho names Necherophes and the Turin King List names Nebka as the first ruler of the Third dynasty, many Egyptologists now believe Djoser was first king of this dynasty, pointing out that the order in which some predecessors of Khufu are mentioned in the Papyrus Westcar suggests Nebka should be placed between Djoser and Huni, not before Djoser.

The Turin Papyrus claims that after Mentuhotep III come " seven kingless years.

Turin Papyrus Map

The king-list that Manetho had access to is unknown to us, but of the surviving king-lists, the one most similar to his is the Turin Royal Canon ( or Turin Papyrus ).

According to Papyrus Turin 1932 + 1939, Ramesses IX enjoyed a reign of 18 Years and 4 months and died in his 19th Year in the first month of Peret between day 17 and 27.

The most important document to survive from this pharaoh's rule is Papyrus Harris I, which honours the life of his father, Ramesses III, by listing the latter's many accomplishments and gifts to the temples of Egypt, and the Turin papyrus, the earliest known geologic map.

His Year 1 and Year 2 is attested by Papyrus Turin 1932 + 1939 while his third Year is documented in a diary kept by a Workmen of Deir El Medina.

Ramesses XI's reign is notable for a large number of important papyri that have been uncovered, including the Adoption Papyrus, which mentions Regnal Years 1 and 18 of his reign ; the Turin Taxation Papyrus ; the House-list Papyrus ; and an entire series of Late Ramesside Letters written by the scribes Dhutmose, Butehamun, and the High Priest Piankh — the latter of which chronicle the severe decline of the king's power even in the eyes of his own officials.

A period of domestic instability also afflicted his reign since Turin Papyrus Cat.

The Ramses ( Turin ) Papyrus Canon says 213 years ( 1991-1778 BC ), Richard Parker reduces it to 206 years ( 1991-1785 BC ), based on July 17 of 1872 BC as the Sothic date ( 120th year of 12th dynasty, a drift of 30 leap days ).

Based on Raphael Ventura's successful reconstruction of Turin Papyrus 1907 + 1908, Ramesses VI is generally assumed to have enjoyed a reign of 8 full Years.

The Turin Accounting Papyrus 1907 + 1908 is dated to Year 7 III Shemu day 26 of his reign and has been reconstructed to show that 11 full years passed from Year 5 of Ramesses VI to Year 7 of his reign.

The Turin Papyrus Map is an ancient Egyptian map, generally considered the oldest surviving map of topographical interest from the ancient world.

Besides being a topographic map of surprisingly modern aspect, the Turin Papyrus is also a geological map ( the earliest known ) because it accurately shows the local distribution of different rock types ( with black and pink hills ) and the lithologically diverse wadi gravels ( with brown, green and white dots ), and it contains information on quarrying and mining.

In this respect, the Turin Papyrus may be regarded as the earliest known Geographic Information System.

* Prof. Harrell's description of Turin Papyrus, with figures

# redirect Turin Papyrus Map

* Turin Papyrus Map

* Judicial Papyrus of Turin

For the Early Dynastic Period, the archaeological record refers to the pharaohs by their Horus-names, while the historical record, as evidenced in the Turin and Abydos king lists, uses an alternative royal titulary, the nebty-name.

The Royal Canon of Turin refers to “ Qenentj ”, which is quite difficult to translate.

The French declaration of war against Tuscany led to his removal ( he was escorted by the Spaniard Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marquis of Labrador ) by way of Parma, Piacenza, Turin and Grenoble to the citadel of Valence, the chief town of Drôme where he died six weeks after his arrival, on 29 August 1799, having then reigned longer than any Pope ( except possibly St. Peter ).

Both engines were made by Fiat workers in Turin on the same production line, without any discrimination as to their destination, and all were exactly the same.

Both engines were made by Fiat workers in Turin on the same production line, without any discrimination as to their destination, and all were exactly the same.

Rousseau, through the priest, leads his readers through an argument with only one concluding belief: “ natural religion .” Even more importantly, after this brief excursion into religious education, religion does not play any role in Emile ’ s life ; religion, however important to Rousseau ( Rousseau is believed to have created the Savoyard Vicar by combining the traits of two Savoyard priests whom he had known in his childhood: Abbé Gaime from Turin and Abbé Gâtier from Annecy ), is insignificant in Emile ’ s education and socialization.

Four years later, he was named to the Finnish team for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, where he earned a silver medal despite not appearing in any games.

Meanwhile, at the missed Turin race, BRM having withdrawn, Ferraris had finished in the first six places leading the race organisers to abandon BRM as their hope of providing any real competition for Ferrari in Formula One, instead running the remaining season's races as Formula Two events.

His reign length — as preserved in the damaged Turin King List — was disputed in the past with Jürgen von Beckerath reading the damaged figure on the papyrus fragment as only 13 years in his 1964 work Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, while both Alan Gardiner — in The Royal Canon of Turin ( 1959 )— and Kenneth Kitchen in his 1987 paper " The Basics of Egyptian Chronology in Relation to the Bronze Age at the ' High, Middle or Low '" University of Göteborg convention maintained that it was 23 years.

The event was reported in detail on a papyrus at the time, which has been preserved, and is currently located in Turin.

The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio ( Egyptian Museum ) at Turin.

The papyrus was found by the Italian traveler Bernardino Drovetti in 1820 at Luxor ( Thebes ), Egypt and was acquired in 1824 by the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy and was designated papyrus no.

The oldest preserved geologic map is the Turin papyrus, made around 1150 BCE for gold deposits in Egypt.

The Turin 1887 papyrus records a financial scandal during his reign that involved the priests of Elephantine.

However, this papyrus clearly bears the cartouche of Usermaatre Setepenre -- the prenomen of Ramesses VII -- at its beginning whereas the royal name of Ramesses IX was Neferkare -- which rules out Ramesses IX as the king whose Year 8 is recorded in the P. Turin 1883 + 2095 document.

The Turin Canon papyrus records a reign of 9 Years 3 months and 27 days for Amenemhat IV.

The Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt who twice analysed the Turin King-list papyrus in the 1990s, however, notes that " Niuserre's reign is damaged.

The earliest preserved geologic map was made in 1150 BCE to show the location of gold deposits in Eastern Egypt ; it is known as the Turin papyrus.

Left half of the Turin papyrus map, courtesy J. Harrell

Right half of the Turin papyrus map, courtesy J. Harrell

Brown, 1992a, " The world's oldest surviving geological map-the 1150 BC Turin papyrus from Egypt ", Journal of Geology 100 ( 1992 ), pp. 3-18.

One on papyrus ( now located at the Egyptian Museum in Turin ) provides a detailed depiction of the tomb at 1: 28 scale.

Left half of the Turin papyrus map, courtesy J. Harrell

They were among the first to extract gold by large-scale mining using fire-setting, and the first recognisable map, the Turin papyrus shows the plan of one such mine in Nubia.