They do not have hooves, rather a two-toed foot with toenails and a soft footpad ( Tylopoda is Latin for " padded foot ").

Rumination occurs in the ruminants ( Ruminantia and Tylopoda ), whereby food is regurgitated and rechewed then broken down by microbes in the stomach.

Asterisk ( ruminant ) represents the omasum, which is absent in Tylopoda ( Tylopoda also has some cardiac glands opening onto ventral Reticulum ( anatomy ) | reticulum and rumen ) Many other variations exist among the mammals.

The main problem with circumscription of the Tylopoda is that the extensive fossil record of camel-like mammals has not yet been thoroughly examined from a cladistic standpoint.

Tylopoda is a highly distinctive lineage among the artiodactyls, but its exact relationships are somewhat elusive due to the fact that the six living species are all closely related and can be considered " living fossils ", the sole surviving lineage of a prehistorically wildly successful radiation.

Thus it seems that the previous assumption of a close relationship between Tylopoda and ruminants is simply due to the fact that all other close relatives ( whales, pigs etc ) are so divergent in their adaptations as to have obsured most indications of relationship, or at least those visible to phenetic analyses.

The first major modern and comprehensive analysis of the problem ( in 2009 ) supported this ; while some taxa traditionally considered Tylopoda could be confirmed to belong to this suborder ( and a few refuted ), the delimitation of this group is still very much disputed despite ( or because of ) an extensive fossil record.

Taxonomically, the suborder Ruminantia includes all those species except the camels, llamas, and alpacas, which are Tylopoda.

Camels and llamas are among the exceptions, a suborder known as Tylopoda.

Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only living family in the suborder Tylopoda.

The genera Lama and Vicugna are, with the two species of true camels, the sole existing representatives of a very distinct section of the Artiodactyla or even-toed ungulates, called Tylopoda, or " bump-footed ", from the peculiar bumps on the soles of their feet.

However, the rather basal position that Tylopoda appear to have among the even-toed ungulates and relatives means that the oldest members of this lineage are still morphologically very primitive and hard to distinguish from the ancestors of related lineages.

These camelids are, with the two species of true camels, the sole extant representatives of a distinct section of Artiodactyla ( even-toed ungulates ) called Tylopoda, or " hump-footed ," from the peculiar bumps on the soles of their feet.

The Tylopoda consists of a single family, the Camelidae, and shares the order Artiodactyla with the Suina ( pigs ), the Tragulina ( chevrotains ), the Pecora ( ruminants ), and the Cetancodonta ( hippos and cetaceans, which belong to Artiodactyla from a cladistic, if not traditional, standpoint ).

The Tylopoda have more or less affinity to each of the sister taxa, standing in some respects in a middle position between them, sharing some characteristics from each, but in others showing special modifications not found in any of the other taxa.

Tylopoda ( camels, llamas and alpacas ) and the chevrotains have a three-chambered stomach while the rest of Ruminantia have four-chambered stomachs.

Tylopoda appeared during the Eocene around 46. 2 million years ago.

Tylopoda has only one extant family, Camelidae, which includes camels, llamas, guanacos, alpacas and vicuñas.

The position of cetaceans ( whales and dolphins ) with regard to Tylopoda poses a central problem.

Tylopoda, on the other hand, are extremely conservative in their lifestyle and ( like ruminants ) seem to have utilized the same ecological niche since their origin over 40 million years ago.

The Cebochoeridae and Protoceratidae on the other hand are prehistoric families that were occasionally placed in the Tylopoda in the past, but seem to be more closely related to ruminants than to camels.

This section consists of a single family, Camelidae, the other sections of the same great division being the Suina or pigs, the Tragulina or chevrotains, and the Pecora or true ruminants, to each of which the Tylopoda have some affinity, standing in some respects in a central position between them, borrowing some characters from each, but showing special modifications not found in any of the others.

None of these transitional forms have been found in Old World strata ; North America was the original home of the Tylopoda.

Oedipus ( or ; Oidípous meaning " swollen foot ") was a mythical Greek king of Thebes.

Sunya comes from the root svi, meaning " swollen ", plus-ta "- ness ", therefore " hollow, hollowness ".

The word ' Cirsium ' derives from the Greek word kirsos meaning ' swollen vein '.

The common name derives from the Latin tuberosa, meaning swollen or tuberous in reference to its root system.

The first is that it is derived from the Chukchi word for fat ; it was originally named for the nearby hill Peekin ' ey, meaning swollen mountain.

Lagopus is derived from Ancient Greek lago ( λαγως ), meaning " hare ", + pous ( πους ), " foot " and refers to the hair on its feet.

An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped (), meaning " two feet " ( from the Latin bi for " two " and ped for " foot ").

Traditionally called Rigil Kentaurus or Toliman, meaning " foot of the centaur ", the system has an overall magnitude of-0. 28 and is 4. 4 light-years from Earth.

( To make the confusion even greater, where Knecht in German received a military meaning — in " Landsknecht "— it denoted foot soldiers rather than cavalry ).

A kangaroo () is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae ( macropods, meaning ' large foot ').

The name Piedmont comes from medieval Latin Pedemontium or Pedemontis, i. e., ad pedem montium, meaning “ at the foot of the mountains ” ( attested in documents of the end of the 13th century ).

An animal or machine that usually moves in a quadrupedal manner is known as a quadruped, meaning " four feet " ( from the Latin quad for " four " and ped for " foot ").

The Arabic Tell el-Semak ( or Tell es-Samak, meaning " mound of the fish ") preserved and transformed this ancient name, with locals using it to refer to a coastal tell at the foot of the Carmel Mountains that contains its remains.

The French and British had gained approximately six miles in depth ( to the foot of the Butte de Warlencourt and beyond Geuedecourt ) and lost about 419, 654 British and 202, 567 French casualties against 465, 181 German, meaning that a centimetre cost about two men.

The malleus gets its name from Latin malleus, meaning " hammer ", the Incus gets its name from Latin Incus meaning " anvil " from incudere meaning " to forge with a hammer ", and the Stapes gets its name from Modern Latin " stirrup ," probably an alteration of Late Latin Stapia related to stare " to stand " and pedem, an accusative of pes " foot ", so called because the bone is shaped like a stirrup-this was an invented Modern Latin word for " stirrup ," for which there was no classical Latin word, as the ancients did not use stirrups.

One derivation is that it derives from Old French patoier meaning " to gesticulate, handle clumsily, to paw ", from pate " paw ", from Low Franconian * patta " paw, sole of the foot " +-ois, a linguistic suffix similar to English-ish /- ese.

Thus, for example, the word " kartṛi ", meaning " agent " or " doer ", does not contain, contrary to intuitive English prosodic principles, simply two syllabic units, but contains rather, in order, a " deergh " / " guru "/ " heavy " foot and a " laghu " / " light " foot.

The foot is a purely metrical unit ; there is no inherent relation to a word or phrase as a unit of meaning or syntax, though the interplay among these is an aspect of the individual poet's skill and artistry.

The genus name of this species — Podiceps — comes from two Latin words: podicis, meaning " vent " or " anus " and pes meaning " foot ".

Nowadays, there is an erroneous local legend that the name of the river comes from an Indian phrase meaning " mile wide, foot deep ".

The legislation did not immediately end slavery in the colony, but it did prevent the importation of slaves, meaning that any U. S. slave who set foot in what would eventually become Ontario, was free.

The name impala comes from the Zulu language meaning " gazelle ", while the scientific name comes from Greek αιπος aipos " high ", κερος ceros " horn " + melas " black " pous " foot ".

Lagopus is derived from Ancient Greek lago ( λαγως ), meaning " hare ", and pous ( πους ), meaning " foot ".