So named due to its resemblance to a traditional agricultural plough ( or more specifically two ploughshares ), many manufacturers produce a plough-style design, all based on or direct copies of the original CQR ( Secure ), a 1933 design patented in the UK ( US patent in 1934 ) by mathematician Geoffrey Ingram Taylor.

In 1986 the US Patent and Trademarks Office allowed the granting of a patent on the ayahuasca vine B. Caapi.

In 1999 they brought a legal challenge to this patent which had granted a private US citizen " ownership " of the knowledge of a plant that is well-known and sacred to many indigenous peoples of the Amazon, and used by them in religious and healing ceremonies.

In 2001, after an appeal by the patent holder, the US Patent Office reinstated the patent.

The patent, held by US entrepreneur Loren Miller, expired in 2003.

The first US patent was issued to J. Cerneau and S. S. Hallet in 1809.

( According to the PGP FAQ, the US patent expired on May 25, 2010.

However, US patent law was changed in 1995 such that patents now expire 20 years after filing, not 17 years after issuing.

Early rowing machines are known to have existed from the mid 1800s, a US patent being issued to WB Curtis in 1872 for a particular hydraulic based damper design.

In his patent application of 6 February 1959, Kilby described his new device as “ a body of semiconductor material ... wherein all the components of the electronic circuit are completely integrated .” The first customer for the new invention was the US Air Force.

Independent inventors account for 70 % of the new US patent applications in this area.

Inventors can now have their insurance US patent applications reviewed by the public in the Peer to Patent program.

* 1887 – Herman Hollerith applies for US patent # 395, 791 for the ' Art of Applying Statistics ' – his punched card calculator.

* 1889 – Herman Hollerith is issued US patent # 395, 791 for the ' Art of Applying Statistics ' — his punched card calculator.

In 1845, industrialist Peter Cooper ( who built the first American steam-powered locomotive, the Tom Thumb ), obtained a patent ( US Patent 4084 ) for powdered gelatin.

Despite clear priority of discovery, Gesner did not obtain his first kerosene patent until 1854, two years after James Young's US patent.

In 1852, he took out a US patent for the same invention.

* — c10n. info's overview of US patent # 7, 096, 360, " n " Frequency-Time Based Data Compression Method " supporting the compression, encryption, decompression, and decryption and persistence of many binary digits through frequencies where each frequency represents many bits.

Thomas Edison received US patent 180, 857 for " Autographic Printing " on August 8, 1876.

In 1880 Edison obtained a further patent, US 224, 665: " Method of Preparing Autographic Stencils for Printing ", which covered the making of stencils using a file plate, a grooved metal plate on which the stencil was placed which perforated the stencil when written on with a blunt metal stylus.

Network effects were a central theme in the arguments of Theodore Vail, the first post patent president of Bell Telephone, in gaining a monopoly on US telephone services.

* 1994 US Patent 5, 282, 222 for wireless data transmission-The patent " tree " rooted on this patent has upwards of 20, 000 nodes and leaves references.

As of November 2010, there are approximately 1800 CPMs practicing in the US.

* 1800 – US President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion ( later renamed the White House ).

In 1800, the mean center of U. S. population as calculated by the US Census Bureau was found in what is now Howard County.

At the same time, the movement of the US Capital from Philadelphia to Washington, D. C., in 1800 brought a gradual influx of workers to nearby Falls Church.

The earliest US census figures reveal a total population of 1862 residents in the year 1800.

The interest rates on prime credits in the late 1970s and early 1980s were far higher than had been recorded – higher than previous US peaks since 1800, than British peaks since 1700, or than Dutch peaks since 1600 ; " since modern capital markets came into existence, there have never been such high long-term rates " as in this period.

* Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, located on Maine-New Hampshire border ; Operational: 1800 to present, making it the oldest continuously-operating shipyard of the US Navy.

Greenwood and Seshadri ( 2002 ) show that from 1800 to 1940 there was a demographic shift from a mostly rural US population with high fertility, with an average of seven children born per white woman, to a minority ( 43 %) rural population with low fertility, with an average of two births per white woman.

From 1800 to 1940, fertility fell in the US.

The town was first settled in 1800 around the time of the first permanent US military presence in the region, which was established at nearby Sackets Harbor to guard the international border and to fight smuggling in the St. Lawrence region.

The Boston and Albany Turnpike was constructed in 1800, today known as the Columbia Turnpike designated as US Routes 9 and 20.

As a result, the Indian government allocated Rs 1800 crore ( US $ 400million ) to fund dug-well recharge projects ( a dug-well is a wide, shallow well, often lined with concrete ) in 100 districts within seven states where water stored in hard-rock aquifers has been over-exploited.

In January 1800, Izard accepted a position as aide-de-camp under US Army commander Alexander Hamilton.

By the autumn of 1800, the US Navy and Royal Navy had reduced the activities of French privateers and warships.

* Caleb Cushing ( 1800 – 1879 ), US legislator

Growth in the US 1800 – 10

The US-market 1800 produced and and cost US $ 2, 280.

The 25 hp ( 18. 6 kW ) version weighed 1800 lb ( 816 kg ) and sold for US $ 3500.

One of the early successful applications of the product was with Telstra to handle 13 and 1300 numbers in Australia-similar to 1800 numbers in the US.

* John Renshaw Thomson ( 1800 – 1862 ), US Senator from New Jersey

It was priced at US $ 1800, which compared against US $ 1500 for the Colt Runabout and US $ 1600 for the Oakland 40, but well below even American's lowest-price model, at US $ 4250 ( its highest was US $ 5250 ).