Under the doctrine of stare decisis, a lower court must honor findings of law made by a higher court that is within the appeals path of cases the court hears.

Under the doctrine of stare decisis a case is important only for what it decides — for the " what ," not for the " why ," and not for the " how.

Under the common law, judicial opinions themselves have legal effect through the rule of stare decisis.

Under the doctrine of stare decisis, statements constituting obiter dicta are therefore not binding, although in some jurisdictions, such as England and Wales, they can be strongly persuasive.

Under the mistaken impression that Oscar is homosexual, and therefore a safe companion for his girlfriend Amy ( Campbell ), he asks Oscar to keep an eye on her for him and make sure that she doesn't talk to his wife.

One particularly memorable episode saw Amy Lee and Ben Moody of Evanescence perform an acoustic rendition of " Going Under ".

She was featured in a number of primetime television shows, including The Practice, Judging Amy, The X-Files, Wolf Lake, The Pitts, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, NYPD Blue, Wonderfalls, Seinfeld, Six Feet Under, Yes Dear, Friends, and Everwood.

Under the editorship of Amy Jacques Garvey, the paper featured a full page called, " Our Women and What They Think ".

A frequent performer in television, she has played guest roles in such series as The Mod Squad, Miami Vice, Baywatch, L. A. Law, ER, The X-Files, Chicago Hope, Will & Grace, Touched by an Angel, Judging Amy, Six Feet Under, The Closer.

Under it all, his mother, Mary ( Amy Morton ), tries to keep him grounded while resisting attempts by Fishman and her boyfriend, Jack ( Altman ), to exploit his newfound fame.

Under the Roman Dutch law in force in South Africa affray falls within the definition of vis publica.

Under the federal Holidays Act, Canada Day is observed on July 1 unless that date falls on a Sunday, in which case July 2 is the statutory holiday, although celebratory events generally take place on July 1 even though it is not the legal holiday.

Under the pole the Arctic Circle is identical to the Equator and the sun never sets but rises and falls on the horizon.

Under the Köppen climate classification Philadelphia falls in the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate zone ( Köppen Cfa ).

Under a light load ( 0. 5 ampere ), the starting voltage of a freshly charged AA NiMH cell in good condition is about 1. 4 volts ; This voltage falls rapidly to about 1. 25 volts at 10 % depth of discharge ( DOD ) and then remains almost constant until the cell is over 80 % discharged.

Under a full moon on clear nights, an elusive lunar rainbow or moonbow is sometimes formed by the mist emanating from the falls.

Under these view, capital flows are procyclical because borrowing increases during good times and falls in bad times, making the country vulnerable to experience growth in investment and consumption that result in a sudden bust when capital flows reverse.

Under New Zealand's MMP rules, a party that falls below the 5 percent threshold can still qualify for MMP by winning one electorate seat.

Under the program, those Regions in which the average per capita yield of personal income tax falls below the national average are entitled to an unconditional transfer from the federal government.

Under the society's long-term management of the falls, the industrialization of the area passed through three great waves, centered first on cotton, then steel, and finally silk, over the course of over 150 years.

Under Chinese sovereignty claim, West Kameng falls under the jurisdiction of Cuona County of Shannan Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Under the falls is a small cave where people can enter and listen to the rumbling waters.

Under heavy fire, John falls out of the car and into the lake.

Under this provision, the Legislature has raised the top limit on civil matters to $ 10, 000 and assigned the JP courts, among others, the right to hear cases involving eviction as well as cases involving foreclosure and liens against personal property where the amount falls within the ( revised ) JP Court's jurisdiction.

Under the Attendance Rules, a holiday that falls on a Sunday is observed on the following Monday.

Under the moonlight, she falls into his arms, while admitting to him that she is already engaged.

Under the agreement, Iran was required to replenish the account if its balance falls below $ 500, 000, 000.

Under the 1999 U. S. Government's Leadership and Investment in Fighting an Epidemic ( LIFE ) Initiative, CDC through the BOTUSA Project has undertaken many projects and has assisted many organizations in the fight against the HIV / AIDS epidemic in Botswana.

Under Sir William Balfour, they broke through the Royalist lines on the night of 31 August, eventually reaching Plymouth 30 miles to the east.

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Under this pact, Finland was obliged to resist armed attacks by " Germany or its allies " against Finland, or against the Soviet Union through Finland, and, if necessary, ask for Soviet military aid to do so.

Under the doctrine introduced by the 2003 Defense Policy Guidelines, Germany continues to give priority to the transatlantic partnership with the United States through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Under President René Préval ( President from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 until 14 May 2011 ), the country's economic agenda included trade and tariff liberalization, measures to control government expenditure and increase tax revenues, civil-service downsizing, financial-sector reform, and the modernization of state-owned enterprises through their sale to private investors, the provision of private sector management contracts, or joint public-private investment.

Under the premiership of Mahathir bin Mohamad, Malaysia experienced economic growth from the 1980s, a 1985-86 property market depression, and returned to growth through to the mid-1990s.

Under Mahathir bin Mohamad ’ s long Prime Ministership ( 1981 – 2003 ), Malaysia ’ s political culture became increasingly centralized and authoritarian, due to Mahathir's belief that the multiethnic Malaysia could only remain stable through controlled democracy.

Under Bogart's Santana Productions, which released through Columbia Pictures, Bogart starred in Knock on Any Door ( 1949 ), Tokyo Joe ( 1949 ), In a Lonely Place ( 1950 ), Sirocco ( 1951 ) and Beat the Devil ( 1954 ).

Under some conventions – e. g. the European Convention on Human Rights – individuals or states are permitted, subject to certain conditions, to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms ; under most, however ( e. g. the UN conventions ), individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by the relevant state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to an optional protocol to the convention.

Under the constitution of Kuwait, the Emir of Kuwait is the supreme commander of the armed forces with a Minister of Defence who directs the Military of Kuwait through the Chief of the General Staff.

Under Napoleon I, a northern wing paralleling the Grande Galérie was begun, and the collection grew through successful military campaigns.

Under the 1995 constitution, the president, who is both chief of state and head of the government, is chosen through universal direct suffrage every 5 years.

Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U. S. will provide US $ 57. 7 million per year to the Marshall Islands ( RMI ) through 2013, and then US $ 62. 7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U. S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.

Under the Planning Act of the province, municipalities have the option to assume responsibility for land-use planning through the development and adoption of official plans and land use bylaws.

Abdul promoted the album through the " Under My Spell Tour ", which was named by an MTV contest for fans.

Under the law, enterprises became self-financing ; that is, they had to cover expenses ( wages, taxes, supplies, and debt service ) through revenues.

Under Stalin's administration and the leadership of such commanders as Georgy Zhukov and Konstantin Rokossovsky, Soviet forces drove through Eastern Europe in 1944 – 45 and captured Berlin in May 1945.

Under Omani Arabs Zanzibar became East Africa's main slave port, with as many as 50, 000 enslaved Africans passing through every year during the 19th century.

* In Jules Verne's novel 20, 000 Leagues Under the Sea, the Nautilus travels through an underwater passage beneath the Suez Canal.

" Under this definition, any increase in wealth — whether through wages, benefits, bonuses, sale of stock or other property at a profit, bets won, lucky finds, awards of punitive damages in a lawsuit, qui tam actions — are all within the definition of income, unless the Congress makes a specific exemption, as it has for items such as life insurance proceeds received by reason of the death of the insured party, gifts, bequests, devises and inheritances, and certain scholarships.

Under the terms of the Act, Ireland was divided into two territories, Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland with the border passing through the province.