Under the Articles, the states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions not specifically relinquished to the national government.

Under the Labour government of James Callaghan, a review by Lord Beswick had led to the reprieve of the so-called ' Beswick plants ', for social reasons, but subsequent governments were obliged under EU rules to withdraw subsidies.

Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime minister who is the head of government and exercises effective political power.

Under Confucius ' teachings, the disciples became well-learned in the principles and methods of government.

Under Chiang Kai-Shek, the government recognized limited civil and economic freedoms, property rights ( personal and intellectual ) and other liberties.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Under the Global and All-Inclusive Agreement, signed on 17 December 2002, in Pretoria, there was to be one President and four Vice-Presidents, one from the government, one from the Rally for Congolese Democracy, one from the MLC, and one from civil society.

Under the governance of the jurists Gregorius, Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, and Hermogenianus, the imperial government began issuing official books of precedent, collecting and listing all the rescripts that had been issued from the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) to the reign of Diocletian.

Under the present government, Ethiopians have little political participation.

Under the slogan " As much government as necessary, as little government as possible ," the FDP tries to limit the state involvement in the life of the individual as far as possible.

Under clause 17 Article I Section 8 of the Constitution however, Congress has power to " exercise exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever " over the federal district ( Washington, D. C .) and other territory ceded to the federal government by the states, such as for military installations.

Under the False Claims Act, the Department of Justice is authorized to pay rewards to those who report fraud against the federal government in an amount of between 15 and 30 percent of what it recovers based upon the whistleblower's report.

Under the 1961 constitution ( revised in 1975 and rewritten in 1991 ), Gabon became a republic with a presidential form of government.

Under President Shevardnadze's leadership, the government had nonetheless made some progress on basic market reforms: all prices and most trade have been liberalized, a stable national currency ( the lari ) was introduced, and massive government downsizing took place.

Under a one-year standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in January 1979, the government promised to undertake economic reforms, including a reduction of the budget deficit, in return for a $ 68 million IMF support program and $ 27 million in IMF Trust Fund loans.

Under the program's first phase ( 1983 – 86 ), the government allocated US $ 1. 5 billion, or 36 percent of total investment, for that purpose and an additional US $ 222 million in 1987 for road and rail rehabilitation.

Under the Arzú administration, peace negotiations were concluded, and the government signed peace accords ending the 36-year internal conflict in December 1996.

Under this system, the president presides over the Council of State and serves as head of state and government.

Under the government ’ s post-conflict economic and financial program, implemented with IMF and World Bank input, real GDP recovered in 1999 by almost 8 %.

Under his leadership, the German government sought to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union and improve relations with the German Democratic Republic, a policy known as the Ostpolitik.

Under President René Préval ( President from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 until 14 May 2011 ), the country's economic agenda included trade and tariff liberalization, measures to control government expenditure and increase tax revenues, civil-service downsizing, financial-sector reform, and the modernization of state-owned enterprises through their sale to private investors, the provision of private sector management contracts, or joint public-private investment.

Under the Bourbons, the Spanish government made several efforts to regain control of the Caribbean coast.

Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.

Under this reduced pressure, the solid volatilizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface ( cold finger ), leaving a non-volatile residue of impurities behind.

Under the Road Traffic Act and various other UK traffic law, correct and permitted use of Blue Lights on a vehicle does not allow the driver to cross solid white lines to overtake, but does allow the driver to treat a red light as a ' Give Way ' sign.

'" Under Harlan's approach, judges would be limited in the Due Process area by " respect for the teachings of history, solid recognition of the basic values that underlie our society, and wise appreciation of the great roles that the doctrines of federalism and separation of powers have played in establishing and preserving American freedoms.

Under the assumption that only elastic deformation takes place and that the target is solid, while disregarding friction, it is easy to calculate the proportion of energy absorbed by the target if it is hit by projectile, which, if we also disregard more complex deflection effects, after impact bounces off ( elastic case ) or slides along ( idealised inelastic case ) the armour plate.

Under the START II Treaty, which never had and most likely will never have a binding effect, Russia would have been able to place 90 single-warhead solid fuel missiles in reequipped R-36 silos.

Under his leadership, WKRC-TV became a solid # 1 in the local news ratings, dethroning CBS affiliate WCPO-TV, which had controlled ratings for more than two decades under Al Schottelkotte's leadership.

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Under the management of Gordon Strachan he proved himself to be a solid defensive midfielder, helping the attacking Dublin-Huckerby Coventry side of 1998 finish eleventh in the Premier League and enjoy mid table stability.

Under new Defensive Coordinator Gregg Williams, Smith has had a very solid year.

( Under normal pressure CO < sub > 2 </ sub > changes directly from a solid to a gas in a process known as sublimation.

Under Peace ’ s leadership, the Baggies have become renowned for their financial stability and sensible business practice, which has provided a solid platform for the Club to enjoy three further automatic promotions – including their first league title success for 88 years in 2008 – and they are about to begin a seventh season in the Premier League.

Under his direction, Laidlaw expanded past trucking by entering the solid waste and school bus industries.

Under the guidance of Miltiades, the Athenian general with the greatest experience of fighting the Persians, the Athenian army marched quickly to block the two exits from the plain of Marathon, and prevent the Persians moving inland.

Under the twenty year program, Fort Lee changed from an installation of temporary wooden structures to a modern Army post with permanent brick and cinder block buildings.

Under these circumstances, whenever the first instruction in a basic block is executed, the rest of the instructions are necessarily executed exactly once, in order.

Under their leadership, West Germany pursued a course of rapprochement and détente with the Soviet block and officially recognized the existence of the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ).

The Persian fleet next headed south down the coast of Attica, landing at the bay of Marathon, roughly from Athens Under the guidance of Miltiades, the general with the greatest experience of fighting the Persians, the Athenian army marched to block the two exits from the plain of Marathon.

Under the mediation of Sir Paul Reeves, a former Governor-General of New Zealand, a compromise was worked out, according to which more than a third of the House of Representatives would be elected by universal sufferance and the remainder by ethnic voters on closed rolls, but with no single ethnic group allocated the 24 seats required to block constitutional amendments.

Under RKO's ownership, CKLW-TV aired only the minimum block of CBC programming.

Under the right conditions, such as favorable air currents, the Owl can glide for at least the length of a city block.

Under his direction of the organization in the 1920s and 1930s, it used economic, social, and legal pressures and even harassment techniques to block the sale and distribution of books which they disapproved of for moral reasons.

Starting June 1, 2009 Under The Umbrella Tree will be airing on TV3 Medford weekdays and weekends during the new children's block.

Under that provision, for example, a flower breeder who protects his variety in the Netherlands could block importation of cut flowers of that variety into the Netherlands from Egypt, which does not grant plant breeders ' rights, because he had no opportunity to exercise any rights in Egypt.

Under imaging guidance, the interventional radiologist will enter selectively into both uterine arteries and inject small ( 500 µm ) particles that will block the blood supply to the fibroids.

Under KBF ’ s Share Repurchase Plan, KBF stock can be purchased by block purchase from time to time as long as it is in compliance with SEC ’ s Rule 10b-18, subject to market conditions, meets legal requirements, and other factors.

Under Linux / 390 this memory cannot be used for disk caching ; instead, it is supported by a block device driver, allowing to use it as ultra-fast swap space and for ram disks.

Under the Red Sea Sun ( New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1946 ) is a book by Edward Ellsberg describing salvage operations of the many ships scuttled by the Italians to block the port of Massawa on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea during World War II.

Under TANF, states qualify for block grants.

Under various owners, the house remained more or less unaltered until about 1720, when it was enlarged by addition of a second single-room household ( with its own door ) north of the original block.