Under the Bourbons the two ancient Kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily were unified becoming the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.

Under the Bourbons dynasty of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, Taormina did not have a relevant role ; however, it obtained an easier access when part of the Catrabico promontory was partially cut and a seaside road connecting it to Messina and Catania was created.

Under the Second Spanish Republic, women were allowed to vote in general elections for the first time.

Under the looming threat of Spanish military presence, England was eager to secure an alliance with the Ottomans, the two nations together having the capability to divide the power.

Under the Spanish administration, Palau underwent its first forms of extreme foreign influence.

Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to Christianity.

Under this system which was basically a form of slavery, Spanish encomederos forced the Amerindians to work for them in exchange for Spanish " protection " and conversion to Christianity.

Under the Peace of Utrecht, Philip was recognized as King Philip V of Spain, but renounced his place in the French line of succession, thereby precluding the union of the French and Spanish crowns ( although there was some sense in France that this renunciation was illegal ).

Under the 1492 Alhambra Decree, Spain's Jewish population, unlike the Muslims, had already been forced to convert under threat of expulsion or even execution, becoming Marranos ( meaning " pigs " in Spanish ), or Catholics of Jewish descent.

Under Spanish law, every corpse can provide organs unless the deceased person had expressly rejected it.

Under Norman rule, Swabian, Aragonese and Spanish Milazzo Castle was part of the island's military affairs.

Under the Treaty of Seville ( 1729 ), Great Britain agreed not to trade with the Spanish colonies in North America.

Under the direction of Pope Leo X, he was ambassador to England and then papal nuncio in Spain, where he conceived a violent detestation of Spanish rule that affected the policies of his later papacy.

Under hegemony, rebellion ( social, political, economic, armed ) is eliminated either by co-optation of the rebels or by suppression ( police and military ), without direct intervention by the hegemon ; the examples are the latter-stage Spanish and British empires, and the 19th-and 20th-century reichs of unified Germany ( 1871 – 1945 ).

Under this law, the succession to the Spanish crown was limited to his entire male line before it could pass to any female, a condition of his renunciation made clear to the allies during the preliminaries of the Treaties of Utrecht.

Under Spanish control since 1847, there is a 190-man military garrison on Isla Isabel II, the only stable population on the small archipelago, down from 426 people in 1900 and 736 people in 1910.

Under the Spanish rule, Atacaman territory ( only the inlands ), was placed under the administration of Charcas Audience and at the time of independence general Simón Bolívar integrated ( both inland and coast regions ) into the new Republic of Bolivia, under the name of " Litoral ".

Under Spanish rule, Opelousas Post was established as the center of government for Southwest Louisiana.

Under the command of his cousin Louis, another charge was delivered and the Spanish cavalry was finally driven from the field.

Under Spanish law, if someone occupied a piece of property for two years they could apply for title to the land under an “ order of survey settlement .” Nicholas Provost secured the property from the present day experimental farm to the St. Mary Parish line.

Under Spanish rule Roermond became a bastion of the Counter-Reformation.

Under Spanish Denominación de Origen laws, Cava can be produced in six wine regions and must be made according to the Traditional Method with second fermentation in the bottle and uses a selection of the grapes Macabeu, Parellada, Xarel · lo, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, and Subirat.

Under the terms of the treaty, the Spanish Empire retained its Latin American territories, but ceded to Habsburg Austria the Southern Netherlands, the kingdoms of Naples and Sardinia, the Duchy of Milan, and the State of Presidi.

Under those orders, general Habert Mauricie-Mathieu and formed in column of attack and rushed to the Spanish, preceded by a battalion of riflemen.

Under the Spanish rule, Corregidor served not only as a fortress of defense, a penal institution, and a station for Customs inspection, but also as a signal outpost to warn Manila of the approach of hostile ships.

Under the Articles, the states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions not specifically relinquished to the national government.

Under the Labour government of James Callaghan, a review by Lord Beswick had led to the reprieve of the so-called ' Beswick plants ', for social reasons, but subsequent governments were obliged under EU rules to withdraw subsidies.

Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime minister who is the head of government and exercises effective political power.

Under Confucius ' teachings, the disciples became well-learned in the principles and methods of government.

Under Chiang Kai-Shek, the government recognized limited civil and economic freedoms, property rights ( personal and intellectual ) and other liberties.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Under the Global and All-Inclusive Agreement, signed on 17 December 2002, in Pretoria, there was to be one President and four Vice-Presidents, one from the government, one from the Rally for Congolese Democracy, one from the MLC, and one from civil society.

Under the governance of the jurists Gregorius, Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, and Hermogenianus, the imperial government began issuing official books of precedent, collecting and listing all the rescripts that had been issued from the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) to the reign of Diocletian.

Under the present government, Ethiopians have little political participation.

Under the slogan " As much government as necessary, as little government as possible ," the FDP tries to limit the state involvement in the life of the individual as far as possible.

Under clause 17 Article I Section 8 of the Constitution however, Congress has power to " exercise exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever " over the federal district ( Washington, D. C .) and other territory ceded to the federal government by the states, such as for military installations.

Under the False Claims Act, the Department of Justice is authorized to pay rewards to those who report fraud against the federal government in an amount of between 15 and 30 percent of what it recovers based upon the whistleblower's report.

Under the 1961 constitution ( revised in 1975 and rewritten in 1991 ), Gabon became a republic with a presidential form of government.

Under President Shevardnadze's leadership, the government had nonetheless made some progress on basic market reforms: all prices and most trade have been liberalized, a stable national currency ( the lari ) was introduced, and massive government downsizing took place.

Under a one-year standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in January 1979, the government promised to undertake economic reforms, including a reduction of the budget deficit, in return for a $ 68 million IMF support program and $ 27 million in IMF Trust Fund loans.

Under the program's first phase ( 1983 – 86 ), the government allocated US $ 1. 5 billion, or 36 percent of total investment, for that purpose and an additional US $ 222 million in 1987 for road and rail rehabilitation.

Under the Arzú administration, peace negotiations were concluded, and the government signed peace accords ending the 36-year internal conflict in December 1996.

Under this system, the president presides over the Council of State and serves as head of state and government.

Under the government ’ s post-conflict economic and financial program, implemented with IMF and World Bank input, real GDP recovered in 1999 by almost 8 %.

Under his leadership, the German government sought to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union and improve relations with the German Democratic Republic, a policy known as the Ostpolitik.

Under President René Préval ( President from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 until 14 May 2011 ), the country's economic agenda included trade and tariff liberalization, measures to control government expenditure and increase tax revenues, civil-service downsizing, financial-sector reform, and the modernization of state-owned enterprises through their sale to private investors, the provision of private sector management contracts, or joint public-private investment.