Under the Articles, the states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions not specifically relinquished to the national government.

Under the Labour government of James Callaghan, a review by Lord Beswick had led to the reprieve of the so-called ' Beswick plants ', for social reasons, but subsequent governments were obliged under EU rules to withdraw subsidies.

Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime minister who is the head of government and exercises effective political power.

Under Confucius ' teachings, the disciples became well-learned in the principles and methods of government.

Under Chiang Kai-Shek, the government recognized limited civil and economic freedoms, property rights ( personal and intellectual ) and other liberties.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Under the Global and All-Inclusive Agreement, signed on 17 December 2002, in Pretoria, there was to be one President and four Vice-Presidents, one from the government, one from the Rally for Congolese Democracy, one from the MLC, and one from civil society.

Under the governance of the jurists Gregorius, Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, and Hermogenianus, the imperial government began issuing official books of precedent, collecting and listing all the rescripts that had been issued from the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) to the reign of Diocletian.

Under the present government, Ethiopians have little political participation.

Under the slogan " As much government as necessary, as little government as possible ," the FDP tries to limit the state involvement in the life of the individual as far as possible.

Under clause 17 Article I Section 8 of the Constitution however, Congress has power to " exercise exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever " over the federal district ( Washington, D. C .) and other territory ceded to the federal government by the states, such as for military installations.

Under the False Claims Act, the Department of Justice is authorized to pay rewards to those who report fraud against the federal government in an amount of between 15 and 30 percent of what it recovers based upon the whistleblower's report.

Under the 1961 constitution ( revised in 1975 and rewritten in 1991 ), Gabon became a republic with a presidential form of government.

Under President Shevardnadze's leadership, the government had nonetheless made some progress on basic market reforms: all prices and most trade have been liberalized, a stable national currency ( the lari ) was introduced, and massive government downsizing took place.

Under a one-year standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in January 1979, the government promised to undertake economic reforms, including a reduction of the budget deficit, in return for a $ 68 million IMF support program and $ 27 million in IMF Trust Fund loans.

Under the program's first phase ( 1983 – 86 ), the government allocated US $ 1. 5 billion, or 36 percent of total investment, for that purpose and an additional US $ 222 million in 1987 for road and rail rehabilitation.

Under the Arzú administration, peace negotiations were concluded, and the government signed peace accords ending the 36-year internal conflict in December 1996.

Under this system, the president presides over the Council of State and serves as head of state and government.

Under his leadership, the German government sought to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union and improve relations with the German Democratic Republic, a policy known as the Ostpolitik.

Under President René Préval ( President from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 until 14 May 2011 ), the country's economic agenda included trade and tariff liberalization, measures to control government expenditure and increase tax revenues, civil-service downsizing, financial-sector reform, and the modernization of state-owned enterprises through their sale to private investors, the provision of private sector management contracts, or joint public-private investment.

Under the Bourbons, the Spanish government made several efforts to regain control of the Caribbean coast.

Under client – server, should a critical server fail, clients ’ requests cannot be fulfilled by this failed entity, but may be taken by another parallel server which has access to the same data as the failed entity.

Under the new deal, HP will provide network, workplace, mainframe management, applications and systems integration services for GM ’ s worldwide operations.

Under the title, I disegni di Fellini ( Fellini ’ s Designs ), he published 350 drawings executed in pencil, watercolours, and felt pens.

Under Hippocrates ’ bodily humors theory, differences in human moods come as a consequence of imbalances in one of the four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.

Under Mahathir bin Mohamad ’ s long Prime Ministership ( 1981 – 2003 ), Malaysia ’ s political culture became increasingly centralized and authoritarian, due to Mahathir's belief that the multiethnic Malaysia could only remain stable through controlled democracy.

Under his leadership, Knoll created new jobs, gave factory workers annual bonuses, established a scholarship program for the children of employees, created retirement plans for employees who didn ’ t have any, and gave workers stock in the company.

Under Nehru ’ s leadership, the government attempted to develop India quickly by embarking on agrarian reform and rapid industrialization.

He was particularly drawn to Socialist writings, he studied socialist philosopher Hajime Kawakami, and at age 23 translated and published Oscar Wilde ’ s The Soul of Man Under Socialism.

Under ancient Roman penal practice, crucifixion was also a means of exhibiting the criminal ’ s low social status.

In his 1914 article “ Disruption of Unity ”, Lenin wrote, " Under cover of ‘ non-factionalism ’ Trotsky is championing the interests of a group abroad which particularly lacks definite principles and has no basis in the working-class movement in Russia.

Under Robespierre ’ s leadership, members of various revolutionary factions and groups were executed including the Hébertists and the Dantonists, many of whom had been Robespierre ’ s personal friends.

Under BAPCPA, a debtor who has moved from one state to another within two years of filing ( 730 days ) the bankruptcy case must use exemptions from the place of the debtor ’ s domicile for the majority of the 180 day time period preceding the two years ( 730 days ) before the filing.

Under pressure from radical and politicised pemuda (' youth ') groups, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence, on 17 August 1945, two days after the Japanese Emperor ’ s surrender in the Pacific.

Under the leadership of the foreign management the company renewed its model range, established cooperation with the leading international manufacturers and achieved the best financial results in the company ’ s history.

Under the SG are two Deputy SG ’ s ( I and II ) who manage the operational departments of the agency and a Senior Technical Advisor.

Under Séamus Ó Braonáin ’ s original 1903 camogie rules both the match and the field were shorter than their hurling equivalents.

Under Agee ’ s guidance, UNCG reached the 20-win plateau 16 times.

“ Under the Hood of Tess: Conflicting Reproductive Strategies in Thomas Hardy ’ s Tess of the D ’ Urbervilles ” Neophilologus: International Journal of Modern and Mediaeval Language and Literature.

Under General Jubal A. Early ’ s command and following Lee ’ s orders, General John B. Gordon was to place Lancaster and the surrounding farming area “ under contribution ” for the Confederate Army ’ s war supplies and to attack Harrisburg from the east side of the river, while another portion of Lee ’ s army advanced from the west side.

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Under the new rule, when any runner is thrown out, and the other ( s ) are successful, the successful runners will not be credited with a stolen base.

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Under Lorentz transformations, the time and distance between events may differ among inertial reference frames ; however, the Lorentz scalar distance s between two events is the same in all inertial reference frames

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Under such a system, the publisher has permission to edit, print, and distribute the article commercially, but the author ( s ) retain the other rights themselves.

Under an assumption of constant gravity, Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where m is the mass of the body and g is a constant vector with an average magnitude of 9. 81 m / s < sup > 2 </ sup >.

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: Under 15 years: 1 male ( s )/ female

: Under 15 years: 1 male ( s )/ female

: Under 15 years: 1. 04 male ( s )/ female