Under equilibrium conditions of cutting the chip exerts a thrust Af against the knife which tends to push it into the substrate or lift it away from the substrate depending on the vector direction of Af.

Under the capable direction of the choir's founder, Geroge Bragg, the twenty-six boys made some lovely sounds in an opening group of Renaissance and Baroque madrigals and motets, excerpts from Pergolesi's `` Stabat Mater '' and all of the Britten `` Ceremonial Of Carols ''.

Under Yakov Segal's direction, it begins stirringly, as crouching Soviet and Nazi troops silently scan each other, waiting for the first surrender gesture.

Under the doctrine of continuing revelation, Latter-day Saints believe that Jesus Christ, under the direction of Heavenly Father, leads the church by revealing His will to its president, whom adherents regard as a modern-day " prophet, seer, and revelator ".

Under Section 2 ( b ) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, civil contempt has been defined as wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court.

Under Burchinal's direction, Nicoli Schwiep designed both the album cover and insert layout.

Under the direction of Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylonian armies exiled three thousand Jews from Judah, deposing King Jehoiachin in 597 BCE.

Under the direction of the Cinematographer or Director of Photography, the DIT will make adjustments to the multitude of variables available in most professional digital cameras to creatively or technically manipulate the resulting image.

Under the new commercial direction and with the Mort's capital injection, the company diversified into books and miniature figures.

Under the new structure, the local offices would contribute a percentage of their income to the international organization, which would take responsibility for setting the overall direction of the movement with each regional office having one vote.

Under his direction, the theater produced plays about a class of people who were not considered appropriate subjects in other venues: prostitutes, criminals, street urchins, and others at the lower end of Paris's social echelon.

Under Hillman's direction, the group recorded a further two LPs.

Under the direction of the German Archaeological Institute, excavations at Hattusa have been underway since 1907, with interruptions during both wars.

Under his direction, a new and much lighter ship was developed, the caravel, which could sail further and faster.

Under Carleton's direction, Carson instituted a scorched earth policy, which coerced the Navajo to surrender.

Under the protectorate, French civil servants allied themselves with the French settlers ( colons ) and with their supporters in France to prevent any moves in the direction of Moroccan autonomy.

Under Stalin's direction in 1922, the party created departments of the Central Committee and other organs at lower levels that were responsible for the registration and appointment of party officials.

Under the direction of anthropologist Margaret Mead, the Parapsychological Association took a large step in advancing the field of parapsychology in 1969 when it became affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ), the largest general scientific society in the world.

Under Lipscomb's direction the Extended Huckel method was developed by Lawrence Lohr and by Roald Hoffmann.

Under the direction of Star Trek producer David Rossi and long-time Star Trek technical consultant Mike Okuda, the visual and special effects were recreated to give Star Trek: The Original Series a more authentic feel and modern look.

Under Shoghi Effendi's direction, National Spiritual Assemblies were formed, and many thousands of Local Spiritual Assemblies sprang up as the Bahá ' í Faith spread around the globe.

Under Speer's direction a threefold increase in armament production occurred and did not reach its peak until late 1944.

Under the direction of Gilbert Ryle, Adorno worked on a dialectical critique of Husserl's epistemology.

Under the direction of Dr. Hieu C. Truong, the RCM engineering division designed the two dollar coin to be made from two different metals.

Under the direction of Captain Stephan von Gröning, head of the Abwehr in Paris, he was trained in explosives, radio communications, parachute jumping and other subjects in France at La Bretonnière, near Nantes and dispatched to England to commit acts of sabotage.

Under the terms of the Treaty, Luxembourg and the newly formed Duchy of Limburg, both members of the Germanic Confederation, were together required to provide a Federal Contingent distributed among a Light Infantry Battalion garrisoned in Echternach, a Cavalry Squadron in Diekirch, and an Artillery detachment in Ettelbruck.

Under the 1966 Social Security Act, newly unemployed individuals were no longer denied assistance during their first month of unemployment, while men who had had their unemployment benefit disallowed for six weeks ( on the grounds that they had been at fault for losing their job ) were no longer subjected to a harsh rule applied by the National Assistance confining their payments to below “ benefit rate .” Instead, a policy was adopted of paying these individuals their full entitlement less 15 shillings. T he Act also introduced a long term addition of 9 shillings for all pensioners receiving supplementary benefit and for others ( with the exception of those required register for employment ) receiving supplementary benefits for two years.

Under the Treaty of Frankfurt of 1871, Metz was annexed into the newly created German Empire, being part of the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine administered directly by the imperial government from Berlin.

Under the Persians, structures in the city were preserved and strengthened, and Memphis was made the administrative headquarters of the newly conquered satrapy.

Under customary international law, premature recognition of its independence would be a gross affront to the government of the newly declared parent state.

Under the leadership of Chief of Police Christopher Boyd, the newly formed department took over law enforcement responsibility from the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department on June 26, 2006.

Under the said Treaty he also remained Titular Emperor of Brazil, while his son, Emperor Pedro I, was both de facto and de jure the monarch of the newly independent country.

Under the Union of Maedhros all the Elves of Beleriand, as well as the Edain, Dwarves, and the newly arrived Easterlings were invited to combine in arms and fight Morgoth.

Under the National Defense Act of 1935, promulgated by General Douglas MacArthur ( then newly appointed as commander in chief of the Philippine Commonwealth military ), the PC became the backbone of the Philippine Regular Army, later re-established after World War II and was known as both the Philippine Constabulary and as the Military Police Command.

Under the Treaty of Constantinople ( 1832 ), Paros became part of the newly independent Kingdom of Greece, the first time the Parians had been ruled by fellow Greeks for over six centuries.

In 1999, USIA's broadcasting functions were moved to the newly created Broadcasting Board of Governors, and its exchange and non-broadcasting information functions were given to the newly created Under Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy at the U. S. Department of State.

The Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, Division G of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999,, abolished the U. S. Information Agency effective October 1, 1999, when its information ( but not broadcasting ) and exchange functions were folded into the Department of State under the newly created Under Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy.

Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority.

Under the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, Romania received Northern Dobruja while the newly restored principality of Bulgaria received the smaller Southern part of the region.

Under the act, a newly created body, known as the State Board of Agriculture, took over from the State Board of Education in running the institution.

Under the Railways Act 1921, the West Somerset Railway Company was finally amalgamated into the Great Western Railway but the Minehead branch, as the route was now known, continued to be operated by the newly enlarged GWR.

Under customary international law, premature recognition of its independence would be a gross affront to the government of the newly declared parent state.

Under the National Security Act of 1947 he was nominated and confirmed by the U. S. Senate as DCI, now in charge of the newly established Central Intelligence Agency ( December 1947 ).

Under Trajan the Legion took part in both Dacian wars ( 101-102, 105-106 ), and it was transferred by Trajan in 106 to the newly conquered province of Dacia ( in Apulum, modern Alba Iulia, Romania ) to garrison it.

Under the leadership of Byrnes, the program managed newly constructioned factories across the country which created raw materials, civilian and military production, and transportation for US military personal and was credited for providing the employment needed to officially bring an end to the Great Depression Thanks to his political experience, his probing intellect, his close friendship with Roosevelt, and in no small part to his own personal charm, Byrnes was soon exerting influence over many facets of the war effort which were not technically under his departmental jurisdiction.

Under the new Meiji government, Ōmura was appointed to the post of hyobu daiyu, which was equivalent to the role of Vice Minister of War in the newly created Army-Navy Ministry.

Under the reorganization, Mercury Records was folded into the newly formed The Island Def Jam Music Group ( IDJMG ).

Under his leadership, in 1985, the party held the balance-of-power with the signing of an accord with the newly elected Liberal minority government.