Under the guise of idealism giving way to realism, German nationalism rapidly shifted from its liberal and democratic character in 1848 to Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck's authoritarian Realpolitik.

Under Garret FitzGerald, the party's more liberal or pluralist wing gained prominence.

Under Labour Prime Minister Clark, 2000-2008, foreign policy reflected the priorities of liberal internationalism.

He had been elected by the faction of cardinals sympathetic to the political liberalization coursing across Europe, and his initial governance of the Papal States gives evidence of his own liberal sympathies: Under his direction various sorts of political prisoners in the Papal States were released and the city of Rome was granted a constitutional framework under guidance of his friend, philosopher-prince Antonio Rosmini-Serbati.

Under the leadership of Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer the anti-revolutionaries became a real political force, which opposed the liberal tendencies within the Dutch Reformed Church and the liberal tendencies within Dutch politics.

Under his leadership, it became a more populist, market liberal newspaper — populist on social issues, but economically right-wing.

Under his presidency, Senegal adopted a multi-party system ( limited to three: socialist, communist and liberal ).

Under this Union of the two Canadas he worked with Robert Baldwin in the formation of a party of Upper and Lower Canadian liberal reformers.

Under Snowe, the paper adopted a more liberal political stance, supporting the North during the American Civil War and endorsing universal manhood suffrage in 1866.

Under the Ancien Régime, the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy had been governed by councils of pre-eminent citizens since time immemorial, and the later Helvetic Republic ( with its equivalent Directorate ) as well as the cantons that had given themselves liberal constitutions since the 1830s had also had good experiences with that mode of governance.

Under the chairmanship of the liberal politician Heinrich von Gagern, the assembly started on its ambitious plan to create a modern constitution as the foundation for a unified Germany.

Under these unstable conditions Venizelos entered into politics in the elections of 2 April 1889 as a member of the island's liberal party.

Under such pressure, the individual princes recalled the existing conservative governments and replaced them with more liberal committees, the so-called " March Governments " ( Märzregierungen ).

Under the leadership of Walter Reuther it played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic party, including the civil rights and anti-Communist movements.

Under the Constitution a liberal government is implemented but some of the aspirations of the working and rural classes remained unfulfilled.

Under the Second Empire, he published a liberal anti-imperial paper at Brussels, Le Bulletin français, and in 1863 he actively supported the candidature of Prévost Paradol.

Under her administration, academic programs in business administration, human services, and liberal studies were added to the CSJP curriculum.

Under the care of his stepfather, the young duke received a careful and liberal education and made his entrée into the aristocratic and literary society of Paris under the First French Empire.

Under his leadership, Lyon grew to nearly 600 full-time students in fall 2009 from about 400 students in fall 1998, developed strategic plans in 2000 and 2005, strengthened ties to the community and state, secured re-accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association in 2002, added five major programs of study, completed a $ 90 million comprehensive campaign in 2000 and launched a $ 30 million campaign in 2005, completed several building projects including the Derby Center for Mathematics and Science, and earned recognition as a " top tier " national liberal arts college from USN & WR.

Under the centralist governments of José Joaquín Prieto and Manuel Bulnes, the liberal Vicuña could not hold any governmental positions.

Under the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas, he had to leave the country, as his liberal ideas did not please the dictator at all.

Its overall politics shifted in its second decade: Under Levitas's editorship, during years when the much-higher-circulation Nation and New Republic often ran acrobatic apologies for Stalin, the New Leader became a bi-weekly platform for what was then known as liberal anti-Communism.

Under the administration of Dr. Samuel Burney Hay ( 1948 – 1965 ), the school sought to expand into a senior liberal arts institution and in 1948 the name was officially changed to Stillman College.

Under the mandate carried out by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia ( UNTAC ), $ 1. 72 billion ( 1. 72 G $) was spent in an effort to bring basic security, stability and democratic rule to the country.

Under occupation by the Allies, German territories were split off, denazification took place, and the Cold War resulted in the division of the country into democratic West Germany and communist East Germany.

Under this view, a government is composed of individuals ; despite that democratic governments are elected by popular vote, the fact remains that all of the activities of government are carried out by means of the intentions and actions of individuals.

" Under the law of association, transmission of wealth does not apply to the instruments of labour, so cannot become a cause of inequality .... We are socialists ... under universal association, ownership of the land and of the instruments of labour is social ownership ... We want the mines, canals, railways handed over to democratically organised workers ' associations ... We want these associations to be models for agriculture, industry and trade, the pioneering core of that vast federation of companies and societies, joined together in the common bond of the democratic and social Republic.

Under Stalin, the inner-party practice of democratic free debate did not continue after the death of Lenin in 1924.

Under the influence of the American Office of War Information, the film attempted to undermine Hollywood's prewar depiction of England as a glamorous bastion of social privilege, anachronistic habits and snobbery in favour of more democratic, modern images.

Under the leadership of President Philibert Tsiranana, Madagascar's First Republic ( 1960 – 1972 ) was established as a democratic system modeled on that of France.

Under Karzai's administration, electoral fraud has reached such a level that Afghanistan's status as a democratic state is being questioned.

Under his leadership, the PIP adopted a democratic socialist program.

Under the pressure of the events that led to the Mineriads, his political stance has veered with time: from a proponent of the Perestroika, Iliescu adopted a social democratic position, aligning himself with the Western European political spectrum.

Under the July Monarchy, France became a far more democratic state than most others in Europe.

Under the leadership of Michael Harrington, DSOC had become America's largest democratic socialist organization, despite having started, in Harrington's words, as " the remnant of a remnant "— with Harrington having been the leader of a minority caucus of the Socialist Party of America in 1972.

Under the act the US is committed to support democratic institutions in Hong Kong, and could terminate Hong Kong's special economic treatment if the US President considers Hong Kong is not autonomous enough to justify such treatments.

Under the leadership of general secretary George Hewison ( 1988 – 92 ), the leadership of the CPC and a segment of its general membership began to abandon Marxism-Leninism as the basis of the Party's revolutionary perspective, and ultimately moved to liquidate the Party itself, seeking to replace it with a left, social democratic entity.

Under a democratic majoritarian political structure, the majority would not exclude any minority from future participation in the democratic process.

Under the Emergency Singh's CPI ( ML ) formulated a three-tier united front line, calling for the formation of a ' revolutionary united front ' ( consisting of communist revolutionaries, working towards a unified revolutionary communist party ), a ' proletarian united front ' based on working class struggles ( and which could include the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) and the Socialist Unity Centre of India ( Communist )) and a ' democratic front ' which would unite forces working for restoration of democratic rights.

Under highly favorable circumstances, a country may remain democratic given a range of possible constitutional arrangements, whether or not the system is the best kind for promoting stability.

Under the bill's provisions, the governing body of Madras University was completely reorganized on democratic lines.

Under his leadership, Polisario also abandoned its early Arab socialist orientation, in favor of a Western Sahara organized along liberal democratic lines.

Under the communist regime, Slobodan Rakitić played an active role as a writer struggling for human rights and democratic freedoms.