Under the German constitution, a party that wins at least three directly-elected seats is eligible for proportional representation regardless of its nationwide vote total.

Under a constant torque of magnitude τ, the gyroscope's speed of precession Ω < sub > P </ sub > is inversely proportional to L, the magnitude of its angular momentum:

Under proportional representation, Labor could win three of the five New South Wales seats, but if Murphy's seat was also contested, it was most unlikely to win four out of six.

Under the new system of proportional representation, the party also gained two MEPs.

* Under the mixed member proportional representation ( MMP ) or Top-Up ( compensatory ) system, the aim is either for the party's total number of representatives, including constituency representatives, to be proportional to its percentage of the party vote, or for the allocation of additional party seats to offset all or most of the disproportionate result in the constituencies.

Under the AMS used in Italy from 1993 to 2005, a threshold of 4 % was needed to receive proportional seats.

Under the 2008 Democratic Party selection rules, adopted in 2006, delegates are selected under proportional representation, which requires a candidate have a minimum of 15 % of a state's popular vote to receive delegates.

Under the proportional representation system which the HKSAR Government considered the best representation of the spectrum of views of the community, the party secured 12 out of 60 seats in the first LegCo election in 1998, including 9 out of 20 seats from the geographical constituencies, in which the party received 43 % of the vote.

( Under Mixed member proportional representation a gerrymander can help a local candidate, but it cannot raise a major party ’ s share of seats.

Under the Single transferable vote proportional representation electoral system used in Ireland, it was considered virtually impossible for all three to be elected.

Under applicable laws, the remaining seventy-five representatives were appointed by the political parties in accordance with a proportional formula based on the number of seats won in the election.

Under proportional reinsurance, the reinsurer's share of the risk is defined for each separate policy, while under non-proportional reinsurance the reinsurer's liability is based on the aggregate claims incurred by the ceding office.

Under proportional representation systems, district magnitude is an important determinant of the makeup of the elected body.

Under the single member constituency system that predates the present proportional representation system, he represented Merseyside West from 1996 to 1999.

Under proportional vigorish, a moneyline odds bet listed at − 100 vs. − 100 without vigorish ( fair odds ) could become − 110 vs. − 110 with vigorish factored in.

Under proportional vigorish the odds would become − 110 vs. + 100 and so gamblers must wager 110 to win 100.

Under standard assumptions, a body moving under the influence of a force, directed to a central body, with a magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the distance ( such as gravity ), has an orbit that is a conic section ( i. e. circular orbit, elliptic orbit, parabolic trajectory, hyperbolic trajectory, or radial trajectory ) with the central body located at one of the two foci, or the focus ( Kepler's first law ).

Under current law, members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected through a party-list proportional system.

Under proportional representation, it is not unusual for a government, lacking a clear majority in the Legislative Council, to rely on the voting support of independent members and / or minor parties, such as The Greens, to pass legislation.

Under party-list proportional representation systems, parties receive a number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received.

Under non-proportional reinsurance the reinsurer only pays out if the total claims suffered by the insurer in a given period exceed a stated amount, which is called the " retention " or " priority ".

Under no circumstances could we mistake one for the other ; ;

Under committee rules, it went automatically to a subcommittee for one week.

Under the influence of several younger scholars, a new approach came to predominate among British anthropologists, concerned with analyzing how societies held together in the present ( synchronic analysis, rather than diachronic or historical analysis ), and emphasizing long-term ( one to several years ) immersion fieldwork.

Under one of these emperors, Romanos IV Diogenes ( 1067 – 1071 ), Alexios served with distinction against the Seljuq Turks.

Under the particular historical circumstances of the growing Church in the early centuries, the succession of bishops became one of the ways, together with the transmission of the Gospel and the life of the community, in which the apostolic tradition of the Church was expressed.

Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman club came close to their first title in 1935 – 36 ; finishing just one point behind champions Bologna.

Under the spell, king Högni and king Heðinn battled for one hundred and forty-three years, as soon as they fell down they had to stand up again and fight on.

Under modern canon law, a man who is appointed a cardinal must accept ordination as a bishop, unless he already is one, or seek special permission from the pope to decline such ordination.

Under Selig's watch, the Brewers also won seven Organization of the Year awards, although they posted one of the worst winning percentages in the history of Major League Baseball, over periods of ten years or more.

Under the microscope, the Bacillus cells appear as rods, and a substantial portion usually contain an oval endospore at one end, making it bulge.

Under the influence of the Chicago Boys the Pinochet regime made of Chile a leading country in establishing neoliberal policies which are commonly attributed to have lifted the country to become one of the richest in Latin America.

Under Veeck's leadership, one of Cleveland's most significant achievements was breaking the color barrier in the American League by signing Larry Doby, formerly a player for the Negro League's Newark Eagles in, eleven weeks after Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers.

For instance, the name " Lord Sto Odin " in the story " Under Old Earth " is derived from the Russian words for " One hundred and one ", сто один.

Under this model the executive directors sit on one committee while the non-executive directors sit on the other.

Under Pfeiffer's tenure as chief executive, Compaq entered the retail computer market with the Presario which one of the first manufacturers in the mid-1990s to market a sub -$ 1000 PC.

Under Mason's guidance, Compaq utilized its assets more efficiently instead of focusing just on income and profits, which increased Compaq's cash from $ 700 million to nearly $ 5 billion in one year.

Under Leopold II's administration, the Congo Free State became the site of one of the most infamous international scandals of the turn of the twentieth century.

Under the Global and All-Inclusive Agreement, signed on 17 December 2002, in Pretoria, there was to be one President and four Vice-Presidents, one from the government, one from the Rally for Congolese Democracy, one from the MLC, and one from civil society.

Under FINA law, no dive may be changed after the deadline for the dive-sheet to be submitted ( generally a period ranging from one hour to 24 hours, depending on the rulings made by the event organiser ).

Under Davros ' guidance, the Daleks steal 27 planets, including Earth, and hide them in the Medusa Cascade, one second out of sync with the rest of the universe.

Under Mayr's influence one of them, Joseph Hickey, went on to write A Guide to Birdwatching ( 1943 ).