Under the German constitution, a party that wins at least three directly-elected seats is eligible for proportional representation regardless of its nationwide vote total.

Under a constant torque of magnitude τ, the gyroscope's speed of precession Ω < sub > P </ sub > is inversely proportional to L, the magnitude of its angular momentum:

Under the new system of proportional representation, the party also gained two MEPs.

* Under the mixed member proportional representation ( MMP ) or Top-Up ( compensatory ) system, the aim is either for the party's total number of representatives, including constituency representatives, to be proportional to its percentage of the party vote, or for the allocation of additional party seats to offset all or most of the disproportionate result in the constituencies.

Under the AMS used in Italy from 1993 to 2005, a threshold of 4 % was needed to receive proportional seats.

Under the 2008 Democratic Party selection rules, adopted in 2006, delegates are selected under proportional representation, which requires a candidate have a minimum of 15 % of a state's popular vote to receive delegates.

Under the proportional representation system which the HKSAR Government considered the best representation of the spectrum of views of the community, the party secured 12 out of 60 seats in the first LegCo election in 1998, including 9 out of 20 seats from the geographical constituencies, in which the party received 43 % of the vote.

( Under Mixed member proportional representation a gerrymander can help a local candidate, but it cannot raise a major party ’ s share of seats.

Under the Single transferable vote proportional representation electoral system used in Ireland, it was considered virtually impossible for all three to be elected.

Under applicable laws, the remaining seventy-five representatives were appointed by the political parties in accordance with a proportional formula based on the number of seats won in the election.

Under proportional reinsurance, the reinsurer's share of the risk is defined for each separate policy, while under non-proportional reinsurance the reinsurer's liability is based on the aggregate claims incurred by the ceding office.

Under proportional reinsurance, one or more reinsurers take a stated percentage share of each policy that an insurer produces (" writes ").

Under proportional representation systems, district magnitude is an important determinant of the makeup of the elected body.

Under the single member constituency system that predates the present proportional representation system, he represented Merseyside West from 1996 to 1999.

Under proportional vigorish, a moneyline odds bet listed at − 100 vs. − 100 without vigorish ( fair odds ) could become − 110 vs. − 110 with vigorish factored in.

Under proportional vigorish the odds would become − 110 vs. + 100 and so gamblers must wager 110 to win 100.

Under standard assumptions, a body moving under the influence of a force, directed to a central body, with a magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the distance ( such as gravity ), has an orbit that is a conic section ( i. e. circular orbit, elliptic orbit, parabolic trajectory, hyperbolic trajectory, or radial trajectory ) with the central body located at one of the two foci, or the focus ( Kepler's first law ).

Under current law, members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected through a party-list proportional system.

Under proportional representation, it is not unusual for a government, lacking a clear majority in the Legislative Council, to rely on the voting support of independent members and / or minor parties, such as The Greens, to pass legislation.

Under party-list proportional representation systems, parties receive a number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received.

Under Section 2 ( c ) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, criminal contempt has been defined as the publication ( whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise ) of any matter or the doing of any other act whatsoever which:

Under this definition, a simple representation of the real number e is:

Under traditional first-past-the-post rules, Alice wins, leaving 55 % of the voters without representation.

Under a series of treaties concluded after World War I, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Under his leadership, the student council successfully petitioned the college to have representation on Roosevelt's faculty committees.

Under U. S. law, unions owe a duty of fair representation to all workers that they represent, regardless of whether they pay dues.

Under the influence of the Olympian pantheon, she became merely the consort of Poseidon, and was further diminished by poets to a symbolic representation of the sea.

Under the U. S. Constitution, the national representation of territories and the federal district of Washington, D. C., in Congress is limited: residents of the District of Columbia are subject to federal laws and federal taxes, but their only congressional representative is a non-voting delegate.

Under this definition, encapsulation means that the internal representation of an object is generally hidden from view outside of the object's definition.

Under English law, this class includes estoppel by representation of fact, promissory estoppel and proprietary estoppel ( see Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol 16 ( 2 ), 2003 ).

Under English law, estoppel by representation of fact usually acts as a defence, though it may act in support of a cause of action or counterclaim.

Under the British Constitution, they argued, a British subject's property ( in the form of taxes ) could not be taken from him without his consent ( in the form of representation in government ).

Under common law, false pretense is defined as a representation of a present or past fact, which the thief knows to be false, and which he intends will and does cause the victim to pass title of his property.

Under the Confederation, each of these groups or corporations had representation in the Consiglio Magnifico which ruled Locarno.

Under this representation, the elements of U ( L ) invariant under the action of L ( i. e. such that any element of L acting on them gives zero ) are called invariant elements.

" Under it, the state's population was divided by 100, with the resulting quotient being the ratio of representation in the House of Representatives.

Under SM, which is a form of semi-proportional representation, a portion of seats in the legislature are filled by pluralities in single member constituencies.

* Colin Hay has made three guest appearances on Scrubs as ' Troubadour ' on " My Overkill ", season 2 episode 1, singing " Overkill "," My Hard Labor ", season 7 episode 2, singing " Down Under " and season 8 " My Finale "

Under Howard, the Coalition moved ahead of Labor in opinion polls and Keating was unable to wrest back the lead.

Under a legalistic interpretation of the ALP rules, Seiffert was readmitted to the party and, together with the support of Geraghty, Premier James McGirr and Labor were able to stay in power.

Under the prodding of Governor-General Lord Gowrie, who wanted to avoid calling an election given the dangerous international situation, Coles and Wilson threw their support to Labor.

Under Department of Labor regulations, three main types of investments qualify as QDIAs: lifecycle funds, balanced funds, and managed accounts.

Under section 9 ( a ) of the NLRA, federal courts have held that wildcat strikes are illegal, and that workers must formally request that the National Labor Relations Board end their association with their labor union if they feel that the union is not sufficiently supportive of them before they can legally go on strike.

Under Perón, the number of unionized workers expanded as he helped to establish the powerful General Confederation of Labor.

Colin Hay, the former frontman of Men at Work, has had music featured in at least seven episodes, and has appeared in the episode " My Overkill ", performing the song " Overkill " as a street musician, and in the episode " My Hard Labor " performing " Down Under ".

Under Evatt, Labor's attitude towards the Industrial Groups began to change as Evatt suspected that one of their aims was to promote the Catholic element within the Labor Party.

Under the nominally centre-left Australian Labor Party from 1983 to 1996, the Bob Hawke and Paul Keating governments pursued many economic policies associated with economic rationalism, such as floating the Australian Dollar in 1983, reductions in trade tariffs, taxation reforms, changing from centralised wage-fixing to enterprise bargaining, heavy restrictions on union activities including on strike action and pattern bargaining, the privatisation of government run services and enterprises such as Qantas and the Commonwealth Bank, and wholesale deregulation of the banking system.

Under an unsuccessful model sharing arrangement as part of the Hawke Labor government reforms in 1989, Toyota began badge engineering versions of the VN Commodore.

Under Gompers's tutelage, the AF of L coalition gradually gained strength, undermining the position previously held by the Knights of Labor, which as a result had almost vanished by 1900.

Under rules of the House of Representatives, McKeon was required to step down from his position as ranking member of the Education and Labor Committee, though he continues to serve on the committee.

Under Hawke, Labor went on to defeat the Fraser government at the election held a month later.

His earlier government service included Deputy Under Secretary of Labor during the Ford Administration and Director of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs at the U. S. General Services Administration.

Under the National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ), as amended by the Taft-Hartley Act, a union may require that employees either join the union or pay the equivalent of union dues.

Under United States labor law, a private sector union can expel a member from the union for any number of reasons, so long as it provides the member with the minimum due process required by the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act ( LMRDA ) and does not do so for reasons prohibited by law ( such as the member's race or protected political activities within the union ).

Under Labor governments, between 1967 and 1977, the Jewish population of the territories reached 3, 200 ; Labor's limited settlement activity was predicated upon making a future territorial compromise when the majority of the territory would be returned to Arab control.

Under a new leader, Joseph Cook, the party defeated Labor in 1913 by a single seat, but in 1914 Cook called early elections and was defeated.

Under this proposal, the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs under the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs was to be abolished with its natural resource functions to be distributed among other newly formed Senate committees and its human resources functions to be transferred to the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

Under Labor prime minister Billy Hughes, full conscription was attempted during WWI through two referenda.

Under the suggestion of the Germans, Marcel Déat became on 16 March 1944, " Minister of Labor and National Solidarity " in Laval's cabinet.

Under Garden's leadership the CPA concentrated on trying to gain control of the New South Wales trade unions, and through them to re-enter the Labor Party ( which was based on affiliated trade unions ).

Under a technical assistance grant awarded by the U. S. Department of Labor, NCHV provides guidance and information about program development, administration, governance and funding to all of the nation ’ s homeless veteran service providers.