Under Italian law franchise is defined as an arrangement between two financially independent parties where a franchisee is granted, in exchange for a consideration, the right to market goods and services under particular trademarks.

Under Zogu, Albania joined the Italian coalition against Yugoslavia of Kingdom of Italy, Hungary, and Bulgaria in 1924-1927.

Under Italian command came also large areas of Greece after the successful German invasion of Greece.

Under Italian law, it cannot be labeled as a chocolate cream, as it does not meet minimum cocoa solids concentration criteria.

Under Napoleon III, Marseille grew to a population of 250, 000, including a very large Italian community.

Under Austrian rule, Padua began its industrial development ; one of the first Italian rail tracks, Padua-Venice, was built in 1845.

Under the terms of the deal struck with " patriotic " members of the Italian military intelligence agency SISMI ( Carlos ' words ), several Italian servicemen and members of a Palestinian resistance group would escort the prisoners to an Arab country.

Under his authority, all books written by Protestants were banned, together with Italian and German translations of the Latin Bible.

Under the terms of a peace treaty signed in Vienna on October 12, Emperor Franz Joseph had already agreed to cede Venetia to Napoleon III in exchange for non-intervention in the Austro-Prussian War and thus Napoleon III ceded Venetia to Italy on October 19 in exchange for the earlier Italian acquiescence to the French annexation of Savoy and Nice.

Under the command of the British minister to China, Claude Maxwell MacDonald, the legation staff and security personnel defended the compound with small arms, three machine guns, and one old muzzle-loaded cannon, which was nicknamed the International Gun because the barrel was British, the carriage Italian, the shells Russian, and the crew American.

Under Venetian rule the island was called by its Italian name: Nasso.

Under pressure from Adolf Hitler, Mussolini established the Italian Social Republic to administer the German-occupied territory.

Under the Constitution of the Italian Republic, the republican form of government cannot be changed by constitutional amendment, thus forbidding any attempt to restore the monarchy.

Under this law Italian taxpayers are able to vote how to partition the 0. 8 % (' eight per thousand ') of the total income tax IRPEF levied by Italy among some specific religious confessions or, alternatively, to a social assistance program run by the Italian State.

Under his pontificate, the longstanding hostility with the Italian government over the status of the papacy and the Church in Italy was successfully resolved in the Lateran Treaty of 1929.

Under the influence of Addison and contemporary Italian critics, they demanded that the poetic imagination should not be hampered by artificial rules.

" Murder Under Glass " reveals Columbo to be an accomplished cook, having learned a recipe for veal scaloppine from his Italian father ( though in " Murder by the Book " he claims he can cook only a certain type of omelet, which he cooks for the victim's wife ).

As per Season 5 episode " Identity Crisis ", Columbo clearly speaks fluent Italian, which he demonstrates again later on in " Murder Under Glass ".

Under a second pseudonym, Aldo Camini, he published anti-philosophical prose, inspired by the Italian representative of Metaphysical art, Carlo Carrà.

Under Venetian rule, many of the upper classes spoke Italian ( or Venetian in some cases ) and converted to Roman Catholicism, but the mass of people remained Greek ethnically, linguistically, and religiously.

Under Italian law, only cheese produced in these provinces may be labelled " Parmigiano-Reggiano ", while European law classifies the name as a protected designation of origin.

Under the civil law systems of European countries such as Italy, Belgium and France, " magistrat " ( French ) or " magistrato " ( Italian ) is a generic term which comprises both prosecutors and judges ( distinguished as ' standing ' versus ' sitting ' magistrature ).

* 2005 – Under international pressure, Syria withdraws the last of its 14, 000 troop military garrison in Lebanon, ending its 29-year military domination of that country ( Syrian occupation of Lebanon ).

Under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it is a war crime to transfer, directly or indirectly, the civilian population of a country power onto land under that country's military occupation.

Under occupation by the Allies, German territories were split off, denazification took place, and the Cold War resulted in the division of the country into democratic West Germany and communist East Germany.

Under Mongol occupation, Russia also developed its postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

Under the US occupation, Islamist militias have waged a systematic campaign of violence against women in their bid to remake Iraq as an Islamist state.

Under the United States occupation at the end of World War II all armed forces in occupied Japan were disbanded and production of nihontō with edges was banned except under police or government permit.

Under its terms, Italy will pay $ 5 billion to Libya as compensation for its former military occupation.

Under Mongol occupation, for example, Muscovy developed its mestnichestvo hierarchy, postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

* Under international law, the test for occupation is whether " effective control " of a foreign military can be said to exist.

Under threat of an occupation of Lisbon and a reoccupation of North East Brazil, the Portuguese being already involved in a war against Spain acceded to the demand of the Dutch.

Under the leadership of the tribal chief Hendrik Witbooi, the Namaqua put up a fierce resistance to the German occupation.

Under the Nazi occupation during World War II, Włocławek was renamed Leslau and administered as part of Reichsgau Wartheland.

Under the cloak of hate and darkness that spread over France during the years of occupation, thousands of lights refused to be extinguished.

Under Roman occupation the town ceded importance to the former Greek colony Ravenna as the continued siltation of the Po delta carried the seafront further to the east.

Under the “ Communist re-education program ” for political prisoners, Puyi is coerced by his interrogators to formally renounce his forced collaboration with the Imperial Japanese invaders for war crimes during their occupation of China during the war.

Under the occupation, Oltenia was the only part of the Danubian Principalities ( with the later exception of Bukovina ) to experience Enlightened absolutism and Austrian administration, although these were met by considerable and mounting opposition from conservative boyars.

Under the American occupation after the surrender of Japan, a partially successful attempt was made to dissolve the zaibatsu.

Under French occupation ( 1794-1814 ), Sittard was part of the Roer department.

Under Allied occupation and division, two other separate national teams were also recognized by FIFA: the Saarland team ( 1950 – 1956 ) and the East German team ( 1952 – 1990 ).

Under Japanese occupation, a concentration camp was maintained here for most of the duration of the Second World War.

Under the terms of the armistice, Romania announced its unconditional surrender to the USSR and was placed under occupation of the Allied forces with the Soviet Union as their representative, in control of media, communication, post, and civil administration behind the front.

Under Soviet occupation from 1945 to 1989, the town was officially named Kapsukas, after Vincas Kapsukas, founder of the Lithuanian Communist Party.

Under Barroso's leadership, Portugal became part of the " coalition of the willing " for the invasion and occupation of Iraq, sending non-combat troops.

Under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for British occupation at the close of the First World War.