Under French law ( the Toubon Law ), it is illegal for commercial signage to be in Breton alone ; it must be bilingual or else in French alone.

Under French law, an association can represent the collective interests of consumers ; however, each claimant must be individually named in the lawsuit.

Under the Ancien Régime, French society was divided into three estates (" États " in French ).

Under his auspices the French established a khān ( hostel ) in Sidon, the Florentines a consulate, and Christian missionaries were admitted into the country.

Under French rule, the educated class learned French and the language became widely used.

Under Grindal, a talented and skilful tutor, she also progressed in French and Greek.

Under Louis XIV France achieved military supremacy over its rivals, but escalating conflicts against increasingly powerful enemy coalitions checked French ambitions and left the kingdom bankrupt at the opening of the 18th century.

Under the French, the country formed the Territory of Guinea within French West Africa, administered by a governor general resident in Dakar.

Under the Constitution of 1791, the solution of a constitutional monarchy was adopted, and the king supported a war against Austria in order to increase his popularity, starting the long French Revolutionary Wars.

Under stronger political pressures the French government ultimately evacuated its troops from Suez.

Under their rule, Mysore fought a series of wars sometimes against the combined forces of the British and Marathas, but mostly against the British, with Mysore receiving some aid or promise of aid from the French.

Under the protectorate, French civil servants allied themselves with the French settlers ( colons ) and with their supporters in France to prevent any moves in the direction of Moroccan autonomy.

* Under the French Ancien Régime, it was of habit to " plant a May " or a " tree of May " in the honor of somebody.

Under Colbert, the French government became deeply involved in the economy in order to increase exports.

* Minerva is featured on the seals of many schools and colleges: on that of Union College in Schenectady, NY, the motto is ( translated from the French ) " Under the laws of Minerva, we are all brothers.

Under protest from the PLO, Iraq, and Libya, who claimed that because Abu Daoud was traveling to a PLO comrade's funeral he should receive diplomatic immunity, the French government refused a West German extradition request on grounds that forms had not been filled in properly, and put him on a plane to Algeria before Germany could submit another request.

Under the command of Joseph de Pont Duvivier, the French had a garrison of 20 French troops at Port-la-Joye.

Under its French name Parme, it was also created a duché grand-fief de l ' Empire for Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, the Emperor's Arch-Treasurer, on 24 April 1808 ( extinguished 1926 ).

Under Clement VIII he himself was made protonotary and nuncio to the French court ; Paul V also employed him in a similar capacity, afterwards raising him, in 1606, to Cardinal-Priest of S. Pietro in Montorio and appointing him the papal legate to Bologna.

* 2005 – Under international pressure, Syria withdraws the last of its 14, 000 troop military garrison in Lebanon, ending its 29-year military domination of that country ( Syrian occupation of Lebanon ).

Under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it is a war crime to transfer, directly or indirectly, the civilian population of a country power onto land under that country's military occupation.

Under occupation by the Allies, German territories were split off, denazification took place, and the Cold War resulted in the division of the country into democratic West Germany and communist East Germany.

Under Mongol occupation, Russia also developed its postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

Under the US occupation, Islamist militias have waged a systematic campaign of violence against women in their bid to remake Iraq as an Islamist state.

Under the United States occupation at the end of World War II all armed forces in occupied Japan were disbanded and production of nihontō with edges was banned except under police or government permit.

Under its terms, Italy will pay $ 5 billion to Libya as compensation for its former military occupation.

Under Mongol occupation, for example, Muscovy developed its mestnichestvo hierarchy, postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

* Under international law, the test for occupation is whether " effective control " of a foreign military can be said to exist.

Under threat of an occupation of Lisbon and a reoccupation of North East Brazil, the Portuguese being already involved in a war against Spain acceded to the demand of the Dutch.

Under the leadership of the tribal chief Hendrik Witbooi, the Namaqua put up a fierce resistance to the German occupation.

Under the Nazi occupation during World War II, Włocławek was renamed Leslau and administered as part of Reichsgau Wartheland.

Under the cloak of hate and darkness that spread over France during the years of occupation, thousands of lights refused to be extinguished.

Under Roman occupation the town ceded importance to the former Greek colony Ravenna as the continued siltation of the Po delta carried the seafront further to the east.

Under the “ Communist re-education program ” for political prisoners, Puyi is coerced by his interrogators to formally renounce his forced collaboration with the Imperial Japanese invaders for war crimes during their occupation of China during the war.

Under the occupation, Oltenia was the only part of the Danubian Principalities ( with the later exception of Bukovina ) to experience Enlightened absolutism and Austrian administration, although these were met by considerable and mounting opposition from conservative boyars.

Under the American occupation after the surrender of Japan, a partially successful attempt was made to dissolve the zaibatsu.

Under Allied occupation and division, two other separate national teams were also recognized by FIFA: the Saarland team ( 1950 – 1956 ) and the East German team ( 1952 – 1990 ).

Under Japanese occupation, a concentration camp was maintained here for most of the duration of the Second World War.

Under the terms of the armistice, Romania announced its unconditional surrender to the USSR and was placed under occupation of the Allied forces with the Soviet Union as their representative, in control of media, communication, post, and civil administration behind the front.

Under Soviet occupation from 1945 to 1989, the town was officially named Kapsukas, after Vincas Kapsukas, founder of the Lithuanian Communist Party.

Under the Italian occupation he was Minister of Agriculture and Domestic Economy in Shefqet Verlaci ’ s government which started functioning on 12 April 1939, and Minister of Finances in 1943.

Under Barroso's leadership, Portugal became part of the " coalition of the willing " for the invasion and occupation of Iraq, sending non-combat troops.

Under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for British occupation at the close of the First World War.