Under Parthian and Sassanian Iranian empires, scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions by the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire, when it is thought to be expanded over the other countries.

Under the early Roman empire the place was known as Caesarea, and was the metropolis of Cilicia Secunda.

Under strong pressure from Stilicho, the Roman Senate consented to promise its payment.

Under the Roman alliance, the more oligarchic parts of the Athenian constitution, the Areopagus and election of officials, became relatively more important, and the Assembly and selection by lot less so.

Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman club came close to their first title in 1935 – 36 ; finishing just one point behind champions Bologna.

Under the Empire, Roman colonies and cities often had officials with powers similar to those of the republican aediles, although their powers widely varied.

Under the Roman Dutch law in force in South Africa affray falls within the definition of vis publica.

Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Under Roman law, Roman culture under the Empire came to tolerate concubinage as long as the relationship was durable and exclusive ; for Roman jurists, concubinage was an honorable de facto situation.

Under the status quo, the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Armenian Apostolic Churches all have rights to the interior of the tomb, and all three communities celebrate the Divine Liturgy or Holy Mass there daily.

Under Roman law, a former gladiator could not " offer such services those of a gladiator after manumission, because they cannot be performed without endangering life.

Under other classical authors this sometimes included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine.

Under pressure of the Huns, the chieftain Fritigern approached the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens in 376 with a portion of the Thervingi and asked to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube.

Under the Roman Empire, administration of peaceful provinces was ultimately the remit of the Senate, but those, like Britain, that required permanent garrisons were placed under the Emperor's control.

Under the Roman Empire, schools of law were created, and the activity constantly became more academic.

Under the Rashidun, the Arabs conquered the Persian Empire, along with Roman Syria and Roman Egypt during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, all within just seven years from 633 to 640.

Under Pope Clement III and Pope Celestine III he was treasurer of the Roman Church, notably compiling the Liber Censuum, and served as acting Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198.

Under the terms of the treaty with Rome, such disputes were arbitrated by the Roman Senate.

Under Roman influence, instruction in rhetoric developed into a full curriculum including instruction in grammar ( study of the poets ), preliminary exercises ( progymnasmata ), and preparation of public speeches ( declamation ) in both forensic and deliberative genres.

Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings.

Under Schechter's leadership, JTS attracted a distinguished faculty, including Louis Ginzberg ( author of Legends of the Jews ), historian Alexander Marx, Arabist Israel Friedlander, and future founder of Reconstructionism Mordecai Kaplan, and became a highly regarded center of Jewish learning.

A study conducted by British historian Norman Franks with two colleagues, published in Under the Guns of the Red Baron in 1998, reached the same conclusion about the high degree of accuracy of Richthofen's claimed victories.

Under the Fifth Republic, presidents Valéry Giscard d ' Estaing and Jacques Chirac have both been classed on the Orléanist tradition of the three French right-wing families identified by historian René Rémond ( Bonapartism and Legitimism being the two others ).

Under recommendation by renowned archaeologist and historian David Hogarth, first Lawrence, then Bell, were assigned to Army Intelligence Headquarters in Cairo in 1915 for war service.

Under the influence of his mentor at Chicago, the constitutional historian Andrew C. McLaughlin, Commager shifted his research and teaching interests to American history.

2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919-1941 ( 1991 ); Modern American Religion, Volume 3: Under God, Indivisible, 1941-1960 ( 1999 ), perspective by leading Protestant historian

Under the win shares statistical rating system created by baseball historian and analyst Bill James, Collins was the greatest second baseman of all time.

In a review of The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude the American historian Robert Brenton Betts commented that the book dealt with Judaism at least as much as with Christianity, that the title was misleading and the central premise flawed.

Neergaard's largest work as a historian, Under junigrundloven ( 1892-1916 ), is still considered the primary work on Danish politics 1848-66.

Under the partnership and influence of Alva Taylor, Kester and other Christian Socialists, they formed what historian Anthony Dunbar calls a " radical gospel " that sought to improve conditions in the South, devoted to focus on the dispossessed croppers, textile and mine workers, and unemployed of the South, who were suffering from the economic collapse of the Great Depression.

Townsend Walter Hoopes II ( April 28, 1922 – September 20, 2004 ) was an American historian, who reached the height of his career as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1967 to 1969.

Under their reign Amaravati, the historian Durga Prasad notices that Buddha had been worshipped as a form of Vishnu.

Under chairwoman Agnes Gund, the MoMA PS1's board of directors includes the artists Laurie Anderson and Paul Chan, art historian Diana Widmaier-Picasso, fashion designer Adam Kimmel, and art collectors Richard Chang, Peter Norton, and Julia Stoschek.

In a review of The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude the American historian Robert Brenton Betts commented that the book dealt with Judaism at least as much as with Christianity, that the title was misleading and the central premise flawed.

Other studies of the James Bond phenomenon include: Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report ( 1964 ), by O. F. Snelling ( revised, re-titled, and re-published on-line, in 2007, as Double-O Seven: James Bond Under the Microscope ), an analysis of Bond ’ s literary predecessors, his image, women, adversaries, and future ; Ian Fleming: The Spy Who Came In with the Gold ( 1965 ), by Henry A. Zeiger, a biography of Fleming as a commercial writer ; The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming ’ s Novels to the Big Screen ( 2001 ), by historian Jeremy Black, an analysis of the cultural politics of the Bond books and films ; James Bond and Philosophy: Questions Are Forever ( 2006 ), edited by James B.

Under the 6th Guards Tank Army's ferocious attacks, the front line near Oradea was steadily pushed back, in what historian Earl F. Ziemke described as " one of the wildest tank battles of the war ".

Under the care of Dr. William Duncan Silkworth ( an early benefactor of A. A .), Wilson's detox included the deliriant belladonna.

Under the particular historical circumstances of the growing Church in the early centuries, the succession of bishops became one of the ways, together with the transmission of the Gospel and the life of the community, in which the apostolic tradition of the Church was expressed.

In the early 20th century, the company commissioned a play-on-words song called Under the Anheuser Bush, which was recorded by several early phonograph companies.

Under Mao Zedong, the People's Republic of China held its first in 1952, but the second in 1963 was secret and unacknowledged until the early 1980s.

İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.

Under the Hallstein Doctrine, the FRG did not have any diplomatic relations with countries in Eastern Europe until the early 1970s, when Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik led to increased dialogue and treaties like the Treaty of Warsaw, where West Germany accepted the Oder-Neisse line as German-Polish border, and the Basic Treaty, where West and East Germany accepted each other as sovereign entities.

Under the agreement, Zellers will initially sublease the properties, and continue to operate them as Zellers locations until at least early 2012.

Under early English rule Jamaica became a haven of privateers, buccaneers, and occasionally outright pirates: Christopher Myngs, Edward Mansvelt, and most famously, Henry Morgan.

Under Seyyid Said, the Omani sultan who moved his capital to Zanzibar in the early 19th century, the Arabs created long-distance trade routes into the interior.

Under Dostum's 5 year rule from the early 1990s to early 1997, Mazar was an oasis of peace.

Under López, Paraguay began to tackle the question of slavery, which had existed since early colonial days.

Under these circumstances, destitute at home though willing to work, he intends embarking by the October mail for Bombay, and I beg most earnestly to bring him under your notice and bespeak for him as early employment as though you and other kind friends can possibly be procured.

Under the terms of his contract with the company, Stravinsky agreed to arrange ( and to some extent re-compose ) many of his early works for the Pleyela, Pleyel's brand of player piano.

Thomas Pynchon refers to Puccini's Des Grieux a number of times in his early short story " Under the Rose ," found in his Slow Learner collection, as well as in V.

Under a different leadership, however, the Daughters of Bilitis came under attack in the early 1970s for " siding " with Mattachine groups rather than with the new separatist feminist organizations.

Under Carrarese rule the early humanist circles in the university were effectively disbanded: Albertino Mussato, the first modern poet laureate, died in exile at Chiogga in 1329, and the eventual heir of the Paduan tradition was the Tuscan Petrarch.

Under the guidance of the new prime minister Prince Schwarzenberg, the new emperor at first pursued a cautious course, granting a constitution in early 1849.

Under normal circumstances, all Hi-Fi VHS VCRs will record Hi-Fi and linear audio simultaneously to ensure compatibility with VCRs without Hi-Fi playback, though only early high-end Hi-Fi machines provided linear stereo compatibility.

Under Ercole ( 1431 – 1505 ), one of the most significant patrons of the arts in late 15th and early 16th century Italy, Ferrara grew into a cultural center, renowned especially for music ; Josquin Des Prez worked for Duke Ercole, Jacob Obrecht came to Ferrara twice, and Antoine Brumel served as principal musician from 1505.

The album contained only songs that had not been on Wrecking Your Neck, some simply because they were released on later albums, but also a few early songs from albums such as Taking Over and Under the Influence.

Under François Mitterrand in the early 1980s, French-Israeli relations improved greatly.

Under the present climate the sea no longer freezes over, although during the 18th and 19th centuries, and as recently as in the late 1970s, it was normally frozen over every year by early February.