Under the isolationist Tokugawa shogunate, swordmaking and the use of firearms declined.

Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, aspects of bushidō became formalized into Japanese feudal law.

Under Tokugawa Ieyasu, the province was assigned as a feudal domain to his ninth son, Tokugawa Yoshinao with official revenues of 619, 500 koku, the largest domain in the Tokugawa family holdings outside of the shogunate itself.

Under the third Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu, their number approached half a million.

Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Shimoda was tenryō territory directly administered by the Shogun.

Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, daimyo are defined as samurais whose fief produced more than 10, 000 koku each year.

Under the reign of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi ( 1680 – 1709 ), however, the Rōjū lost nearly all their power, as the Shogun began to work more closely with the Tairō, Chamberlains, and others, including Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu, who held the power of a Tairō, but not the title.

Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the daimyō vied for power in the largely pacified country.

Under the rule of the 5th Shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, one of these hatamoto, Sakamoto Shigeharu ( 1630-1693 ) by virtue of his position as Ōmetsuke and Jisha-bugyō, exceeded 10, 000 koku in income, and thus became daimyo of the newly-proclaimed Fukami Domain in October 1682.

Under Naosuke Ii ’ s guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless Tokugawa Iesada.

Under the Tokugawa shogunate, all travellers entering and leaving Edo along the Tōkaidō were stopped here by officials, and their travel permits and baggage was examined.

Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the minor feudal domain of Ōtaki Domain, controlled by Honda Tadakatsu from Ōtaki Castle, controlled 18 villages within the district, with another 57 villages under the control of other domains ( including one village belonging to Nitta Domain in Tosa Province ).

The novel The Kouga Ninja Scrolls and its adaptations ( the manga and anime series Basilisk and the live-action film Shinobi: Heart Under Blade ) feature the four Hattori Hanzos serving as ninja leaders under the rule of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Under the Edo period the Tokugawa family took control over the islands and they were put under the direct control of the Shogun through a governor.

Under diplomatic pressure from the Goryeo government, the Kamakura shogunate made an effort to keep seafaring military groups under control.

Under the North American Numbering Plan, almost all North American area codes reserve telephone numbers beginning with 958 and 959 for internal local and long distance testing ( respectively ), sometimes called plant testing.

Under the legislation that created the 26 districts of Northern Ireland, a district council whose area included an existing municipal borough could resolve to adopt the charter of the old municipality and thus continue to enjoy borough status.

Under the plan, all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip ( and four in the West Bank ) and the joint Israeli-Palestinian Erez Industrial Zone were dismantled with the removal of all 9, 000 Israeli settlers ( most of them in the Gush Katif settlement area in the Strip's southwest ) and military bases.

Under other classical authors this sometimes included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine.

Under the charter forming the Hudson's Bay Company, the company was required to give two elk skins and two black beaver pelts to the English King, then Charles II, or his heirs, whenever the monarch visits an area that was formerly Rupert's Land.

Under the Local Government Provisional Order Confirmation Act 1976, part of the urban area of Drogheda, which lay in County Meath, was transferred to County Louth on 1 January 1977.

Under the terms of an agreed lease, the Japanese government had the right to station its troops in the area around the South Manchurian Railway, a major trade route between the two countries, in the Chinese region of Manchuria.

Under this perspective the Villa Medici in Fiesole could therefore be considered the " muse " for numerous other buildings, not only in the Florence area, which from the end of the 15th century onwards find inspiration and creative innovation here.

Under extreme pressures, PTFE powder or solids is of little value as it is soft and flows away from the area of contact.

Under the protectorate ( 1912 – 1956 ) the infrastructure was invested in heavily in order to link the cities of the Atlantic coast to the hinterland, thus creating a single economic area for Morocco.

Under each prefect were " subprefects " who helped collectively with law enforcement of the area.

Under the Health of Animals Act and Plant Protection Act, inspectors can prohibit access to an infected area, dispose or treat any infected or suspected to be infected animals or plants.

Thirdly, Under the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act in 1953, amenities in public area, like hospitals, universities and parks, were labeled separately according to particular races.

Under the Monnet Plan France attempted to gain economic control of the German industrial areas with large coal and mineral deposits that were not in Soviet hands: the Ruhr area and the Saar area.

Under the rules of the time, the Giants ' ownership of the Millers gave them priority rights to a major league team in the area.

Under World Taekwondo Federation and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 8 meters square.

Under the Rotunda there is an area known as the Crypt.

* December 1 – Under the County and Borough Police Act, in any county or area of England and Wales where a police force has not already been established, the Justices of the Peace must from this date take steps to create one according to nationally defined standards.

Under the leadership of a Chief of Course, course workers erect safety systems ( usually nets ), prepare and maintain the surface of the race course, erect and maintain other equipment such as a start tent, a finish area and the gates through which competitors must pass, and remove any fresh snow that may fall during the event.

Under a new Duke, Bavaria would remain a remote area of the Empire.

Another warren is Tycho Under, whose location is clearly in the area of the crater Tycho.

Under the Local Government Act 1972, the Municipal Borough of Bacup was abolished, and since 1 April 1974 Bacup has formed an unparished area of Rossendale, a local government district of the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire.

Under the most recent change, in 1998, and with the addition of the Borough of Gillingham, the Borough of Medway became a unitary authority area, administratively separate from Kent.

Under the Köppen climate classification, much of the area within the geographical tropics is classed not as " tropical " but as " dry " ( arid or semi-arid ) including the Sahara Desert, the Atacama Desert and Australian Outback.

Under Frederick Rapp's financial management the Society prospered, but he soon wished for a location better suited to manufacturing and commercial purposes.

Under Winn, Churchill Downs prospered and the Kentucky Derby then became the preeminent stakes race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses in North America.

Under his management, StPM & M prospered.

Under Emperor Wen, the Liu Song economy prospered in the rule of Yuanjia ( Chinese: 元嘉之治 ), a famed period of precious prosperity in the 400 years of conflict between the Han and Tang dynasties.

Under him the college prospered.

Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered.

Under Roman rule, Dyrrachium prospered ; it became the western end of the Via Egnatia, the great Roman road that led to Thessalonica and on to Constantinople.

Under his leadership the university prospered and morale was high among both staff and students.

Under Emperor Xuan, the Han dynasty prospered economically and militarily.

Under the early centuries of Muslim rule, especially during the Umayyad ( 650 – 750 ) and Abbasid ( 750 – 969 ) dynasties, the city prospered ; geographers Ibn Hawqal and al-Istakhri ( 10th century ) describe it as " the most fertile province of Palestine ", while its native son, the geographer al-Muqaddasi ( born 946 ) devoted many pages to its praises in his most famous work, The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Climes.

Under his direction, the Company prospered despite difficult political conditions and the War of 1812.

Under Houphouët-Boigny's politically moderate leadership, Côte d ' Ivoire prospered economically.

Under Nephi's leadership the Nephite civilization prospered despite occasional war with the Lamanites.

Under the astute-some would say, ruthless-management of its founder, Lex Luthor, LexCorp grew and prospered, absorbing scores of smaller businesses.

Under the dominion of the Romans and ( after 429 ) of the fairly tolerant Vandals, the Jewish inhabitants of the African province increased and prospered to such a degree that African Church councils deemed it necessary to enact restrictive laws against them.

Under his administration, Harvard College prospered and flourished.

Under Winn, Churchill Downs prospered and the Kentucky Derby then became the preeminent stakes race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses in North America.

Under the general peace imposed by the Norman rule, Limerick prospered as a port and trading centre.

Under Venice, local commerce and crafts prospered, and Rezzato became known for its marble.

" Under his patronage the town rapidly prospered.

Under Webster's successor, John Tooley, appointed in 1970, The Royal Opera prospered, but after his retirement in 1988, there followed a period of instability and the closure of the Royal Opera House for rebuilding and restoration between 1997 and 1999.

Under the patronage of the Johor elites, traders are protected and prospered.

Under the dominion of the Romans and ( after 429 ) of the fairly tolerant Vandals, the Jews of Tunis increased and prospered to such a degree that African Church councils deemed it necessary to enact restrictive laws against them.

Under the dominion of the Romans – and after 429 of the Vandals – the Mauretanian Jews increased and prospered to such a degree that Church councils of Africa found it necessary to take a stand against them.