Under Italian law franchise is defined as an arrangement between two financially independent parties where a franchisee is granted, in exchange for a consideration, the right to market goods and services under particular trademarks.

Under the time-sharing model the users were given individual computer terminals and interacted directly.

Under this model the board of directors is composed of both executive and non-executive directors.

Under this model the executive directors sit on one committee while the non-executive directors sit on the other.

Under this model, the method of ending hyperinflation is to change the backing of the currency, often by issuing a completely new one.

Under this model, simple comparisons like < code > if a < b </ code > do not mean " if the operations to the right evaluate to true " as they would under most languages ; instead it means something more like " if the operations to the right succeed ".

Under the OBE model, education agencies may specify any outcome ( skills and knowledge ), but not inputs ( field trips, arrangement of the school day, teaching styles ).

Under Stalin this model was reversed, and it was the General Secretary who determined the composition of the Politburo and Central Committee.

Skinner put forward a " three term contingency model " which helped promote analysis of behavior based on the " Stimulus-Response-Consequence Model " in which the critical question is: " Under which circumstances or antecedent ' stimuli ' does the organism engage in a particular behavior or ' response ', which in turn produces a particular ' consequence '?

Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no branch has more power than the other branches.

Under the control model, religion will provide tacit or explicit support for scientific theories and research as long as scientific findings support religious doctrines.

Under this type of model, mechanical stresses and strains can be dealt with and their influence on the growth of the tumor and the surrounding tissue and vasculature elucidated.

Under this model, mean waiting time for a customer in the polling system is equivalent to the average age for the Web crawler .< ref name =" coffman ">

Under the Apogee version of the shareware model ( the " Apogee Model "), the first episode of a series was usually available as shareware.

Under this DS1 pricing model, a provider charges the same price in every geography it services.

Under the leadership of David Lilienthal (" Mr. TVA "), TVA became a model for America's governmental efforts to modernize Third World agrarian societies.

Under the model that was chosen, however, the territory of the former German Democratic Republic was simply incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany, and accordingly the Federal Republic of Germany, now enlarged to include the Eastern States, continued legally to exist under the same legal personality that was founded in May 1949.

Under the leadership of the foreign management the company renewed its model range, established cooperation with the leading international manufacturers and achieved the best financial results in the company ’ s history.

Under the new owners, the previous complex model range was simplified and a new car, the 13 / 30 C1, introduced ; sales were disappointing.

Under Mao's leadership, he broke with the Soviet model and announced a new economic program, the " Great Leap Forward ", in 1958, aimed at rapidly raising industrial and agricultural production.

Under these rules, relevant aircraft systems must be fully simulated, and a comprehensive aerodynamic model is required.

Under the units of constant purchasing power model equity is the constant real value of shareholders ´ equity.

Under the Units of Constant Purchasing Power model, all constant real value non-monetary items are inflation-adjusted during low inflation and deflation ; i. e. all items in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, all items in shareholders ´ equity, Accounts Receivables, Accounts Payables, all non-monetary payables, all non-monetary receivables, provisions, etc.

Under the assumption that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, the curvature of the observable universe, or the local geometry, is described by one of the three " primitive " geometries ( in mathematics these are called the model geometries ):

Under this model the musicians of the SPCO are given a much higher degree of artistic control.

Under his guidance, Amazon. com became the largest retailer on the World Wide Web and the model for Internet sales.

Under Mortimer J. Adler ( member of the Board of Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica since its inception in 1949, and its chair from 1974 ; director of editorial planning for the 15th edition of Britannica from 1965 ), the Britannica sought not only to be a good reference work and educational tool but to systematise all human knowledge.

Under their editorial hand, the magazine was not exclusively a publisher of crime fiction, offering, according to the magazine, " the best stories available of adventure, the best mystery and detective stories, the best romances, the best love stories, and the best stories of the occult.

Under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience.

Under an editorial headed " A Complete Shambles ", the local paper commented that: " Neither Mr Clarke nor the Labour and Conservative Groups come out with much credit after this.

Under the editorial board, management department and business developmental department, many branches are developed to handle the daily work as well.

In December 2001, staff members at The Montreal Gazette launched a Gazette Newsroom web page with an open letter, titled Media Giant Silences Local Voices: Canadian Journalism Under Attack, that got signed by 77 Gazette journalists as of 2002 January 23, opposing the national editorial policy, and the reporters among them participated in a byline strike, refusing to sign their names to their stories in the newspaper in protest.

Under this agreement, which became a common model for many other cities over the next half-century, the papers maintained editorial independence and remained separate as news-gathering organizations.

Under Bill Knowland's ownership, the Tribune had a conservative editorial position and a reputation for being strongly pro-business.

Under the editorial management of George Kashdan, Haney was asked to capitalize on these titles ' popularity with a similar character.

Under Newland's news direction, the upstart daily found a distinctive voice and quickly came to within striking distance of the venerable, but colourless Globe and Mail, before mounting losses forced major cutbacks in editorial staffing levels.

Under Harding the newspaper's editorial position leaned toward the Republican Party platform, but remained somewhat neutral because of its position of the daily newspaper of record for Marion County.

Under Gannett, editorial, business offices and retail advertising are maintained in Marion, while printing and classified advertising operations have been moved to a regional press house in Mansfield, Ohio.

Under David Kelly's editorial tenure, the magazine began to focus more on the gaming scene, and featured more colour graphics under designer Gareth " the Mad Celt ".

Under the terms of the settlement, the previous owner, the Media News Group, will hold a perpetual option to re-purchase 20 % of the paper, will have two of five seats on the management board, and will determine the size of the budget for its news staff and choose its editorial content.

Under Davison's direction, the magazine and website were redesigned in early 2010 with an editorial shift toward focusing on the people and culture of gaming.

Under an arrangement similar to the one DC and Wildstorm established later, all Milestone characters existed in a separate continuity that did not fall under DC Comics ' direct editorial control ( but DC still retained right of refusal to publish ).

Of Under Kilimanjaro, the editors claim " this book deserves as complete and faithful a publication as possible without editorial distortion, speculation, or textually unsupported attempts at improvement ".

The Journal's editorial board has worked together with notable contributors such as: UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan ; European Court Justice President, Gil Carlos Rodriguez Iglesias ; President Oscar Arias Sánchez ; Former Director-General of the World Health Organization, Gro Harlem Brundtland ; Iranian President Mohammad Khatami ; Deputy Secretary of U. S. Treasury Stuart Eizenstat ; and Under Secretary of State Thomas Pickering.

Under DeQuille's editorial supervision, Twain established his reputation as a humorous writer.

Under the terms, Beckett Comics would retain their editorial and creative independence.

Under Alfred S. Edwards, who succeeded Wayland, Coming Nation included articles from the likes of George Herron, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Herbert Casson ( who later took up the editorial reigns after Edwards left the colony ).

Under his editorship, The Observer's editorial view supported the invasion of Iraq, a stance that Alton, speaking to Stephen Sackur on BBC's HARDtalk, ( 22 August 2008 ) has since admitted may have been incorrect.

Under the arrangement, The Journal Gazette and The News-Sentinel have independent editorial staffs and management, while a jointly-owned corporation sells advertising, handles circulation, prints the newspapers and, since 1958, has been landlord to the newspapers ' staffs.