Under Abdülaziz's reign, Turkey's first postage stamps were issued in 1863, and Turkey joined the Universal Postal Union in 1875 as a founding member.

Under the reign of Darius, Zechariah also emerged, centering around the rebuilding of the temple.

Under the reign of Abdallah, Denard was commander of the Presidential Guard ( PG ) and de facto ruler of the country.

Under Claudius, the Empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of Augustus.

Under the governance of the jurists Gregorius, Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, and Hermogenianus, the imperial government began issuing official books of precedent, collecting and listing all the rescripts that had been issued from the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) to the reign of Diocletian.

İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.

Under his reign his wife Louisa was thought to have had the real power, which is why she is placed at the center of the group portrait.

Under Mashoeshoe I, Basutoland joined other tribes in their struggle against the Lifaqane associated with the reign of Shaka Zulu from 1818 to 1828.

Under the reign of the Ottonian rulers, the kingdom of the Eastern Franks finally became Germany with the conclusion of the unification of the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria into one empire.

Under the reign of Augustus, when the capital had grown to almost one million inhabitants, 14 wards were created ; the wards were protected by seven squads of 1, 000 men called " vigiles ", who acted as firemen and nightwatchmen.

Under his reign the Normans of Rollo were evangelized.

Under his reign Michelangelo re-built the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli ( in the Diocletian's Baths ) and the eponymous Villa Pia, now known as Casina Pio IV and headquarters of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, was designed by Pirro Ligorio in the Vatican Gardens.

Under his reign a port was built at Ancona, with a highway that gave easy access to the interior.

Under his reign Christianity gained a strong foothold in the country with many churches being built in Mbanza of which the Kulumbimbi Cathedral ( erected between 1491 and 1534 ) being the most impressive.

Under the reign of Ramiro, famed for the legendary Battle of Clavijo, the border began to slowly move southward and Asturian holdings in Castile, Galicia, and León were fortified and an intensive programme of repopulation of the countryside begun in those territories.

Under Otto the Great's reign, Denmark fulfilled all of its obligations and regularly paid tribute to the Germans.

Under his tumultuous reign, the March of Friuli was absorbed into the March of Verona so that Verona's territory contained a large portion of Roman Venetia.

Under the reign of Elizabeth, the Russian court was one of the most splendid in all Europe.

Under Biorgor ( Biorgor rex Alanorum ), they infested Gallia round about, till the reign of Petronius Maximus and then they passed the Alps in winter, and came into Liguria, but were there beaten, and Biorgor slain, by Ricimer commander of the Emperor's forces ( year 464 ).

Under the reign of Artaxerxes II, royal inscriptions stopped the sole invocation of Ahura Mazda and began invoking a triad of divinities, Ahura Mazda, Mithra, and Anahita.

Under the reign of Shapur I, Zurvanism spread and became a widespread cult.

Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks a church was build in the 7th century within the walls of the Roman fortress during Dagobert I's reign.

Under Thrór's reign, Erebor became a great Dwarven stronghold, where the Dwarves became a numerous and prosperous people.

Under the reign of Emperor Claudius ( 41 – 54 ) the Noricum Kingdom was ultimately incorporated into the Roman Empire apparently without offering resistance.

Under early English rule Jamaica became a haven of privateers, buccaneers, and occasionally outright pirates: Christopher Myngs, Edward Mansvelt, and most famously, Henry Morgan.

* Edward Bairstow, " I Sat Down Under His Shadow.

Under Henry's son, Edward VI, the Church of England began to accept some aspects of Protestant theology and rejected transubstantiation.

Under Prime Minister Edward Natapei, reform programs have been reintroduced.

Under its terms, Edward III gives up his claim to the French throne and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais & Gascony.

* Under Edward III, English begins to replace French as England's official national language, when Parliament is addressed in it for the first time following the Norman Conquest of 1066.

Under this treaty, Isabella's daughter Joan would marry David Bruce ( heir apparent to the Scottish throne ) and Edward III would renounce any claims on Scottish lands, in exchange for the promise of Scottish military aid against any enemy except the French, and £ 20, 000 in compensation for the raids across northern England.

Under Edward the Confessor earldoms like Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and Northumbria — names that represented earlier independent kingdoms — were much larger than any shire.

Recent examples include Under the Net ( 1954 ) by Iris Murdoch, Jerzy Kosinski's The Painted Bird ( 1965 ), Thomas Berger's Little Big Man ( 1964 ), Rita Mae Brown's Rubyfruit Jungle ( 1973 ), John Kennedy Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces ( 1980 ), Isabel Allende's Eva Luna ( 1987 ), Edward Abbey's The Fool's Progress: An Honest Novel ( 1988 ), Robert Clark Young's One of the Guys ( 1999 ), Helen Zahavi's Dirty Weekend ( 1991 ), C. D. Payne's Youth in Revolt ( 1993 ), Christian Kracht's Faserland ( 1995 ), Umberto Eco's Baudolino ( 2000 ), Neal Stephenson's Quicksilver ( 2003 ), and Aravind Adiga's " The White Tiger " ( Booker Prize 2008 )

Under orders from ' relatives ', King Edward V and Richard were executed in the Tower of London, and had their bodies disposed of in the River Teme.

Under Isabella's instruction, Edward III agreed a peace treaty with Charles: Aquitaine would be returned to Edward, with Charles receiving 50, 000 livres, the territories of Limousin, Quercy, the Agenais and Périgord, and the Bazas country, leaving the young Edward with a much reduced territory.

Under Edward the Confessor, Ruislip had been valued at £ 30, though the reduction to £ 12 by the time Ernulf de Hesdin took possession is believed to have been caused by a passing unit of the Norman Army taking crops.

Under Edward III de Stratford became a member of the royal council, but his high political importance dates from the autumn of 1330, the time when Roger Mortimer lost his power.

Under Edward II the Chancellor dedicated set days to hearing pleas, as documented in the records of the Parliament of Lincoln in 1315, which also show that some cases were heard by his personal staff, the Chancery, and not by the Chancellor.

Under the young King Edward VI, Guildford's father became Lord President of the Privy Council and de facto ruled England from 1550 – 1553.

" Under pressure from the King, and " startled " at the suggested abdication, Baldwin agreed to take further soundings and suggest three options to the prime ministers of the five Dominions of which Edward was also king: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the Irish Free State.

Under the ownership of Richard Neville – also known as " Warwick the Kingmaker " – Warwick Castle was used in the 15th century to imprison the English king, Edward IV.

Under the direction of Michael Boyd, the play was presented at the Swan Theatre in Stratford in 2000, with David Oyelowo as Henry, Fiona Bell as Margaret, Tom Beard as Edward and Aidan McArdle as Richard.

Under King Edward VI, St. Patrick's Cathedral was formally suppressed, and the building demoted back to the status of parish church.

Courage Under Fire is a 1996 film directed by Edward Zwick, and starring Denzel Washington, Meg Ryan, Lou Diamond Phillips and Matt Damon.

Under Edward Heath, the Ministry was re-incorporated into the Foreign and Commonwealth Office on 15 October 1970.

Under the chairmanship of Sir Edward Jenkinson an American, Percy Martin, a substantial shareholder and electrical engineer, was promoted to works manager and Ernest Instone to general manager.