Under Abdülaziz's reign, Turkey's first postage stamps were issued in 1863, and Turkey joined the Universal Postal Union in 1875 as a founding member.

Under the reign of Darius, Zechariah also emerged, centering around the rebuilding of the temple.

Under the reign of Abdallah, Denard was commander of the Presidential Guard ( PG ) and de facto ruler of the country.

Under Claudius, the Empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of Augustus.

Under the governance of the jurists Gregorius, Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, and Hermogenianus, the imperial government began issuing official books of precedent, collecting and listing all the rescripts that had been issued from the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) to the reign of Diocletian.

İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.

Under his reign his wife Louisa was thought to have had the real power, which is why she is placed at the center of the group portrait.

Under Mashoeshoe I, Basutoland joined other tribes in their struggle against the Lifaqane associated with the reign of Shaka Zulu from 1818 to 1828.

Under the reign of Augustus, when the capital had grown to almost one million inhabitants, 14 wards were created ; the wards were protected by seven squads of 1, 000 men called " vigiles ", who acted as firemen and nightwatchmen.

Under his reign the Normans of Rollo were evangelized.

Under his reign Michelangelo re-built the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli ( in the Diocletian's Baths ) and the eponymous Villa Pia, now known as Casina Pio IV and headquarters of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, was designed by Pirro Ligorio in the Vatican Gardens.

Under his reign a port was built at Ancona, with a highway that gave easy access to the interior.

Under his reign Christianity gained a strong foothold in the country with many churches being built in Mbanza of which the Kulumbimbi Cathedral ( erected between 1491 and 1534 ) being the most impressive.

Under the reign of Ramiro, famed for the legendary Battle of Clavijo, the border began to slowly move southward and Asturian holdings in Castile, Galicia, and León were fortified and an intensive programme of repopulation of the countryside begun in those territories.

Under Otto the Great's reign, Denmark fulfilled all of its obligations and regularly paid tribute to the Germans.

Under his tumultuous reign, the March of Friuli was absorbed into the March of Verona so that Verona's territory contained a large portion of Roman Venetia.

Under the reign of Elizabeth, the Russian court was one of the most splendid in all Europe.

Under Biorgor ( Biorgor rex Alanorum ), they infested Gallia round about, till the reign of Petronius Maximus and then they passed the Alps in winter, and came into Liguria, but were there beaten, and Biorgor slain, by Ricimer commander of the Emperor's forces ( year 464 ).

Under the reign of Artaxerxes II, royal inscriptions stopped the sole invocation of Ahura Mazda and began invoking a triad of divinities, Ahura Mazda, Mithra, and Anahita.

Under the reign of Shapur I, Zurvanism spread and became a widespread cult.

Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks a church was build in the 7th century within the walls of the Roman fortress during Dagobert I's reign.

Under Thrór's reign, Erebor became a great Dwarven stronghold, where the Dwarves became a numerous and prosperous people.

Under the reign of Emperor Claudius ( 41 – 54 ) the Noricum Kingdom was ultimately incorporated into the Roman Empire apparently without offering resistance.

Under the Ottonian emperors, Valenciennes became the centre of marches on the border of the Empire.

Under the rulers of the Nervan-Antonian dynasty, senatorial authors published histories which elaborated on the view of Domitian as a tyrant.

Under the new rulers, however, it faced a certain decadence.

Under Apple Macintosh's classic Mac OS there was the native SimpleText, which was replaced under Mac OS X by TextEdit, which merges features of a text editor with those of a word processor such as rulers, margins and multiple font selection.

Under its new Sassanid rulers, Persia had grown into a rival superpower, and the Romans would have to make drastic reforms in order to better prepare their state for a confrontation.

Under the succeeding Kassite dynasty, shortly after the middle of the 2nd millennium, Ekur was restored once more to its former splendour, several monarchs of that dynasty built upon and adorned it, and thousands of inscriptions, dating from the time of those rulers, have been discovered in its archives.

Under the Prussian and German rule, the Polish population suffered from heavy Germanization by foreign rulers of their territory ; Polish farmers demanded Polish schools, and refused to teach their children German, German official Heinrich Mettenmeyer wrote that German appointed teachers were treated with highest disdain by Polish children and their parents

Under Ptolemy Soter, efforts were made to integrate Egyptian religion with that of their Hellenic rulers.

He claims to have no interest in the affairs of the world above, but occasionally intervenes to aid the oppressed, such as by giving salvaged treasure to Cretans who are revolting against their Turkish rulers and by saving ( both physically and financially ) a Ceylonese or Tamil pearl hunter who was the unfortunate victim of a diving accident, or by saving the castaways from drowning in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and covertly watching over the castaways in The Mysterious Island.

Under the Khagans were four rulers with the titles Arslan Ilig, Bughra Ilig, Arslan Tegin and Bughra Tegin.

Under the Hizb ut-Tahrir constitution, non-Muslims may not serve a caliph or any other ruling official, nor vote for these officials, but may be part of the majlis and voice " complaints in respect to unjust acts performed by the rulers or the misapplication of Islam upon them.

Under French colonial rule, the capital of the Republic of the Congo was named Brazzaville after him and the name was retained by the post-colonial rulers.

Under these foreign rulers, the Egyptians accommodated two new religions, Christianity and Islam, and a new language, Egyptian Arabic.

ISBN 0-7478-0638-1 </ ref > Under this theory, the Egyptian rulers of 13th Dynasty were unable to stop these new migrants from travelling to Egypt from Asia because they were weak kings who were struggling to cope with various domestic problems including possibly famine.

Under these two rulers, the shaivite cult was subsumed with the Vaishnavite cult in the temples such as the Thommaman, Beng, Melea, Chausey, Tevoda, Bantay Samre, and Angkor Vat.

Under Peter the Great and subsequent rulers, the Don Cossacks participated in numerous military campaigns, which resulted in the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea.

Under the elective monarchy system of Malaysia, Sultan Iskandar was elected to be the new Yang Di-Pertuan Agong on 9 February 1984 by the council of rulers – shortly before his predecessor's term expired on 26 April 1984.

Under the independent rulers of Ardalan ( 9th – 14th / 14th – 19th cent.

Under the Adil Shahi rulers many literary works were published in Dakhani.

Under Communism ( 1944 – 89 ), Bulgaria's rulers worked to control rather than destroy the church.

Under articles I, II, IV, VI and VII of the treaty ’ s terms, Russia ’ s empress became the official and sole suzerain of Kartli-Kakheti ’ s rulers, guaranteeing the Georgians ’ internal sovereignty and territorial integrity, and promising to " regard their enemies as Her enemies "

Under the Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation of 1900, the British Government of India recognizes three hereditary traditional rulers in the Chittagong Hill Tracts ( CHT ): the Mong Raja in Khagrachari, the Chakma Raja in Rangamati and the Bohmong Raja in Bandarban who were the vessels to Arakan in the past.

Under the eighth earl, the FitzGerald family reached pre-eminence as the virtual rulers of Ireland between 1477 and 1513.

Under Portuguese and Dutch rulers the prevailing system was changed and gradually the church started running elementary schools in villages.

Under the succeeding rulers al-Muizz ( 1001-1026 ), Hamman ( 1026-1039 ) and Dunas ( 1039 ) they consolidated their rule in northern and central Morocco.