Until recently they were widely believed to be fungi, but structural and molecular evidence has led to their reclassification as heterokonts, related to autotrophic brown algae and diatoms.

Until the early 1960s many of them were built with structural wooden rear frames, making them some of the most exclusive and luxurious " woodies " ever built.

Until recently PASOK had dominated the political scene, presiding over favourable growth rates economically but in the eyes of critics failing to deliver where unemployment and structural issues such as market liberalization were concerned.

Until the 17th century, concussion was usually described by its clinical features, but after the invention of the microscope, more physicians began exploring underlying physical and structural mechanisms.

Until relatively recently, structural steel connections were either welded or riveted.

Until more complete structural testing is available to correlate earthbag bracing need and performance to adobe, cement-stabilized buttresses and mortar anchors to hold barbed wire at stress points can be used for public buildings in high seismic risk areas.

Until the reorganization begun by Nikolai Yezhov with a purge of the regional political police in the autumn of 1936 and formalized by a May 1939 directive of the All-Union NKVD by which all appointments to the local political police were controlled from the center, there was frequent tension between centralized control of local units and the collusion of those units with local and regional party elements, frequently resulting in the thwarting of Moscow's plans.

Until 1127, he occupied himself at court mainly with the temporal affairs of the kingdom, while during the following decade he devoted himself to the reorganization and reform of St-Denis.

Until its reorganization, CompUSA, Inc. was a wholly owned subsidiary of U. S. Commercial Corp S. A. B.

Until the local government reorganization of 1990 the village was the head of the former municipality of Adorp.

Until 1873 it was leased to and operated by the New London Northern Railroad ; at that time the lease was transferred to the B & A, as a reorganization of the earlier company.

Until 1996 its schedules included many specialist music shows, but following a reorganization of ORF's channels shortly before the introduction in Austria of private commercial radio, these have now been moved to FM4.

Until the reorganization of the provinces that followed the adoption of the 1995 constitution, this city served as the capital of the province of Gojjam.

Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until he began making spoken dialogue films with The Great Dictator ( 1940 ), he never shot from a completed script, but instead usually started with only a vague premise — for example " Charlie enters a health spa " or " Charlie works in a pawn shop.

Until the 1930s, when the Nazi government began a program of Germanization, and in 1945, when the Soviets annexed Prussia and made Old Prussian place-names illegal ,< ref name =" Sov Illegal ">

Until recently electrical energy has not been converted and stored on a major scale, however new efforts to that effect began in the 21st century.

Until 2012 the " S " mint mark was used only on proof coins, but beginning with the El Yunque ( Puerto Rico ) design in the America the Beautiful Quarters program, the U. S. Mint began selling ( at a premium ) uncirculated 40-coin rolls and 100-coin bags of quarters with the San Francisco mint mark.

Until the major revolt began in 1944, the AK concentrated on self-defence ( freeing prisoners and hostages, defence against pacification measures ) and striking at the German forces.

Until the coming of the railway in 1857, Beckenham was a small village in the county of Kent with almost completely rural surroundings: once a family of entrepreneurs began the building of villas here, its population soared from 2000 to 26, 000 during 1850-1900 and throughout the rest of the century.

Until the beginning of the 19th century, fishing remained its primary business, but then began to be replaced by the growing tourism industry.

Until the Revolutionary war Cohoes was a small quiet hamlet with isolated farms, after the Revolution things slowly began to pick up and Cohoes was linked to the larger settlements of Lansingburg and Albany.

Until 1861 Hubbard remained a country-crossroads with relatively few houses or inhabitants ; however, when the coal fields began to develop, the corners rapidly became a village.

Until the 2009-10 school year began, China was home to two of the district's schools, China Elementary ( located in the city center across from China's city park ) and Henderson Middle School ( located on the outskirts of town across Highway 90 ).

Until 1999, Metro ended service at midnight every night, and weekend service began at 8 AM.

Until the Ashkenazi community first began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad and in Islamic Spain.

Until a few years ago all notes displayed a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II ( Head of State ) but notes began to display portraits of prominent Bahamian politicians who have died.

Until 1918, when its commercial growth began, Fort-de-France had an inadequate water supply, was partly surrounded by swamps, and was notorious for yellow fever.

Until 1961, the official South Korean era ( for numbering years ) was called the Dangi ( 단기, 檀紀 ), which began in 2333 BC.

Until the 1990s, there were two or three decade gaps before the major modernization of Prague-Ruzyně Airport began in order to match the current capacity requirements.

Until renamed for Julius Caesar, this month was called Quinctilis or Quintilis, originally the fifth month ( quint -) when the year began in March.

Until 1918, when all employees began to be paid in US dollars, Gold Roll employees were paid in gold, in American currency, while their Silver Roll counterparts were paid in silver coin, initially in Colombian pesos.

Until the 1960s, competitive shows traditionally began with an inspection — owing to the corps ' military heritage — to ensure all on the field were qualified to compete, and that the uniforms and equipment were presentable according to standards.

Until 1834 it was a parish workhouse, but in 1836 the Uppingham Poor Law Union began, and a new Union workhouse was built on Leicester Road to house 158 people to a design by architect William Donthorne.

Until the project began, the stretch of the Columbia River where the dam was to rise was as yet unbridged, making it difficult to move men and materials.

Until 1957 it had been thought that complex life forms and perhaps life itself began with the Cambrian era, and that all rocks older than this developed in a world without plants or animals.

Until the early 20th century, unsure of the site of Palaepharsalos, scholars followed Arrian ( 2. 75 ) and located the battle south of the Enipeus or close to Pharsalos ( today's Pharsala ).

Until the early 1950s Budweiser was primarily distributed in three packages: kegs, 12-ounce bottles and quart bottles.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until the early 1980s, they were known as video display terminals and were physically attached to the computer and keyboard.

Until the early 18th century granite could only be carved by hand tools with generally poor results.

Until the early part of the twentieth century, the highlands economy consisted primarily of mining and livestock

Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.

Until the very early twentieth century, men living in the southern Appalachians would drive their pigs to market in the flatlands below each Autumn, fattening up their stock on chestnuts and fallen mast, much as their Scottish forebears did for centuries.

Until the early twentieth century, Hangul was denigrated as vulgar by the literate elite who preferred the traditional hanja writing system.

Until the 13th century, icons followed a broadly similar pattern in West and East-although very few survive from this early from either tradition.

Until the early 19th century Africans were captured, kidnapped, and forced into slavery to work on plantations when sugarcane became the most important export of the island.

Until 2004 ( in 2005 – 2007 the Jaguars went back to wearing white at home for early season games ) and then 2008, the Jaguars would always wear their white jerseys for afternoon games at home during the first half of the season.

Until the early 1990s, the Chilean wine industry mistakenly sold a large quantity of wine made from the Carmenere grape as Merlot.

Until the early 20th century, formal writing and even much poetry and fiction was done in Literary Chinese, which was modelled on the classics of the Warring States period and Han Dynasty.

Until the early 1970s there was large apiary which was well known in the region and has lived on in the Scottish country dance " The Bees of Maggieknockater ".

Until the Quiet Revolution of the early 1960s, Tremblay saw Quebec as a poor, working-class province dominated by an English-speaking elite and the Roman Catholic Church.

Until the early 20th century, these tribes had little contact with the Nama, Damara, and Herero, who settled around the central part of the country vying for control of sparse pastureland.

Until the early 20th century, scientists assumed that the majority of synaptic communication in the brain was electrical.

Until the early 20th century, it was hunted for its fur, but it is now protected throughout its range.

Until the early 1990s, the PLA Navy performed a subordinate role to the PLA Ground Force.

Until it closed in early 2011, a McDonald's in Edina, Minnesota claimed on its receipts to be the " World's Only Pneumatic Air Drive-Thru ," sending food from their strip-mall location to a drive-through in the middle of a parking lot.

Until the early 17th century large outline images of the giants Gog and Magog ( or Goemagot and Corineus ) had for a long time been cut into the turf of the Hoe exposing the white limestone beneath.

Until the early 20th century rifles tended to be very long ; an 1890 Martini-Henry was almost 2 m ( 6 ft ) in length with a fixed bayonet.

Until the late 19th or early 20th century, those who pursued science were called " natural philosophers " or " men of science ".