Until 1861 the militia were an entirely infantry force, but in that year a number of county regiments were converted to artillery.

Until about 1861, Napoleon's regime exhibited decidedly authoritarian characteristics, using press censorship to prevent the spread of opposition, manipulating elections, and depriving the Parliament of the right to free debate or any real power.

Until Hall's voyage in 1861, the Bay was thought by Europeans to be a strait separating Baffin Island from another island.

Until 1861, Brady Township also included what is now Gregg Township, Union County.

Until 1861 most of these troops were units of the 8th Infantry.

Until on 9 September 1922, when Greece lost Smyrna to Turkey, it had a Greek High Commissioner ( 21 May 1919 – 8 September 1922 ): Aristeidis Stergiadis ( b. 1861 – d. 1950 )

Until about 1861, Napoléon's regime exhibited authoritarian characteristics, using press censorship to prevent the spread of opposition, manipulating elections, and depriving the Parliament of the right to free debate or any real power.

Until 1861 relics of Saint Lucy were venerated in a church dedicated to her in Venice ; after its demolition, they were transferred to the church of San Geremia.

Until 1861, municipal elections were held in March.

On December 22, 1860, with secession still in its early stages, Milne ’ s orders were to avoid “ any measure or demonstration likely to give umbrage to any party in the United States, or to bear the appearance of partizanship on either side ; if the internal dissensions in those States should be carried to the extent of separation .” Until May 1861, in compliance with these instructions and as part of a long-standing policy of the Royal Navy to avoid ports where desertion was likely, Milne avoided the American coast.

Until the formation of the Central Provinces in 1861, Nagpur Province, which consisted of the Nagpur Division, Chhindwara and Chhattisgarh, was administered by a commissioner under the central government.

Until 1861 this section of the line was isolated

Until the coming of the Ingleton Branch Line in 1861, these remote places were reachable only by walking over some fairly steep hills.

Until 1861 it was called San Filippo d ' Argiriò, in honour of its saint, Filippo il Siriaco, or Philip of Agira.

Until recently, Sleaford was primarily an agricultural town, supporting a cattle market and seed companies such as Hubbard and Phillips, and Sharpes International Seeds.

Until recently, androids have largely remained within the domain of science fiction, frequently seen in film and television.

Until the 1960s, the predominant forms of music played on the flat-top, steel-string guitar remained relatively stable and included acoustic blues, country, bluegrass, folk, and several genres of rock.

Until Henry's time, Cape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the unpromising desert coast of Africa, although the Periplus of the Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator described a journey farther south about 2, 000 years earlier.

Until 2000, KornShell remained AT & T ′ s proprietary software.

Until 1945, however, the labour movement remained weak, impeded by lack of legal rights, anti-union legislation, management-organized factory councils, and political divisions between “ cooperative ” and radical unionists.

Until the Renaissance, navigational technology remained comparatively primitive.

Until 1948 it remained owned by Munn & Company.

Until after Wilde's death his name remained disgraced and few discussed, let alone performed, his work.

Until its final dissolution in 1806 the House of Habsburg remained the ruling dynasty.

Until 1060 the kings of Uppsala ruled most of modern Sweden except the southern and western coastal regions, which remained under Danish rule until the 17th century.

Until the 1224 AD / CE, however, there remained a strong Muslim segment of society.

Until the 10th century, Coptic remained the spoken language of the native population outside the capital.

Until 1998, the leadership of Aryan Nations remained firmly in the hands of Richard Girnt Butler.

Until the mid 1990s, Yangon remained largely constrained to its traditional peninsula setting between the Bago, Yangon and Hlaing rivers.

Until 1848 he remained on friendly terms with the German communists, occasionally calling himself a communist and writing articles on communism in the Schweitzerische Republikaner.

Until the 20th century he remained the major inspiration for such classically oriented artists as Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Paul Cézanne.

Until recently, cassettes remained the dominant medium for purchasing and listening to music in some developing countries.

Until the English army came into view the invaders remained unaware of the presence of a hostile army anywhere in the vicinity.

Until 1985, when the first of twenty-four Saab 35 Draken were delivered, the country had remained essentially without the capacity to contest violations of its airspace.

Until 1936, Belgium remained allied to France and the United Kingdom.

Until 1461, Donatello remained in Siena, where he created a St. John the Baptist, also for the Duomo, and models for its gates, now lost.

Until the era of the Byzantine Empire, the interior of the enclosure remained exposed to the sky.

Until after the defeat of Cannae it remained faithful to Rome, but, after a vain demand that one of the consuls should always be selected from it or perhaps in order to secure regional supremacy in the event of a Carthaginian victory, it defected to Hannibal, who made it his winter quarters: he and his army were voluntarily received by Capua.

Until the late nineteenth century many Alpine valleys remained mainly shaped by agrarian and pastoral activities.

Until the early modern period, the two remained separate cities: Clermont, an episcopal city ; Montferrand, a comital one.

Until the last year or so the profession of friendship with the United States had been an article of faith with Trujillo, and altogether too often this profession was accepted here as evidence of his good character.

Until such evidence appears, we must make do with the evidence we have.

Until a few weeks ago, however, Arnold Palmer was some god-like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers.

Until then, foreign-language films were honored with the Special Achievement Award.

Until 1928 it was directed by a General Manager, after this time instead by a Governor elected by an internal commission of managers, with a decree from the President of the Italian Republic for a term of 7 years.

Until the advent of artillery and aircraft, battles were fought with the two sides within sight, if not reach, of each other.

Until 1928 all notes were " White Notes ", printed in black and with a blank reverse.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until 2003 the Lower Houses were restricted to upper year students but with the double cohort of graduates from Ontario schools many of the rooms were transformed into doubles and now hold first years.

Until 1974, this was a status that denoted towns with a certain type of local government ( a municipal corporation ).

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until he began making spoken dialogue films with The Great Dictator ( 1940 ), he never shot from a completed script, but instead usually started with only a vague premise — for example " Charlie enters a health spa " or " Charlie works in a pawn shop.

Until that time, software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM.

Until then, the Brewers had a rivalry with the White Sox, which had become known as The I-94 Series, as both teams are just a short drive from Interstate 94.

Until this time, Mike Baldwin had been portrayed as an only child, with his father appearing in the programme between 1980 and 1982 confirming the fact.

Until 1981, editions of the book used code names for certain people and places in those sections that dealt with the United Order.

Parton's initial success came as a songwriter, writing two top ten hits with her uncle Bill Owens: Bill Phillips's " Put it off Until Tomorrow " and Skeeter Davis ' 1967 hit " Fuel to the Flame ".

The label agreed to let Parton sing country music after her composition, " Put It Off Until Tomorrow ," as recorded by Bill Phillips ( and with Parton, uncredited, on harmony ), went to number six on the country music charts in 1966.

Until that day, the package was distributed as license-free software, which prevented the distribution of modified versions of djbdns which was in conflict with the principles of Open source software which made the inclusion in many Linux distributions infeasible if not impossible.

Until this German Federal legislation was introduced, there were no recognised mechanism to prevent administrators in private bodies and civil servants in public-funded bodies ( such as universities ) from automatically discriminating between the qualifications of people with German doctorates compared to holders of doctorates from an EU member state.

Until the first award of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal in 1965, United States Air Force personnel received this award as well, as was the case with several other Army decorations until the Air Force fully established its own system of decorations.

Until 1962, the martial law continued while Field Marshal Ayub Khan purged a number of politicians and civil servants from the government and replaced them with military officers.

Until his death in 2004, Fatah had been closely identified with the leadership of Yasser Arafat, its founder.