Planning may involve the development of biological identification systems. Until recently in the United States, most biological defense strategies have been geared to protecting soldiers on the battlefield rather than ordinary people in cities.

Until the development of semiconductor diodes, valve diodes were used in analog signal applications and as rectifiers in many power supplies.

Until the recent development of flood control, Baghdad and other cities were subject to the threat of inundation.

Until today, historiographical debates oppose the followers of a foundation of Kanem-Bornu by populations from the ancient Near East and followers of a more local development.

Until this development, each record had to be custom-made.

Until these were in place, inadequate transportation was expected to constitute a major obstacle to economic development.

Until then, Case was the vice president of Monkeystone Games, a game development company she co-founded with Romero.

Until R. v. Powley ( 2003 ), there was little development in such a definition.

Until the development of reinforced barbed tape in the early 1980s, it was rarely used for military purposes or genuine high security facilities because, with the correct tools, it was easier to breach than barbed wire.

Until this point in development, twinning is possible.

Until the advent of programmable logic, discrete bipolar logic was used to prototype and emulate microarchitectures under development.

Until approximately the seventh week of development, the embryo has indifferent sex accessory ducts, which consist of two pairs of ducts: the Müllerian ducts and the Wolffian ducts.

Until the 20th century, optimism about progress was the most common attitude towards science ( with notable exceptions as Herbert G. Wells ), but latent anxieties about disturbing " the secrets of nature " would surface following the increasing role of science in wartime affairs, as well as increased scrutiny of vivisection and the development of the animal rights movement.

Until the 1970s, therefore, most Anglo-Catholics rejected liberalising development such as the conferral of holy orders on women.

Until the completion of the new development, the closest swimming pool is Tooting Lido.

Until the 1970s, most settlement and development in Estero was near the river.

Until this time the area had been essentially a swampland, with a few scattered buildings but no major development.

Until the dissolution of the monasteries during the Reformation in 1552, it shaped the development of the village of Doberan.

Until the development of non-lethal weapons, police officers around the world had few if any non-lethal options for riot control.

Until the development of the jet engine, large aircraft commonly used radial engines.

Until his involvement, music and sounds were often neglected in the development of video games and programmers with little musical knowledge were forced to write the soundtracks as well.

Until 2006, Beeston was home to Nottingham Rugby Club, which sold the land next to the railway line ( now the Birkin Fields housing development ) and moved to share the Meadow Lane pitch at the Notts County ground.

Until the Victorian development of the downstream docks at Newport Docks, Caerleon acted as the major port on the River Usk.

Until 1980 the development was quite conservative, but from the years 1980-85 there was a significant growth and new hotels, apartments, cabins, restaurants and shops have been built alongside the development of new activities and attractions.

Until independence, Armenia's economy was based largely on industry — chemicals, electronic products, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber and textiles ; it was highly dependent on outside resources.

Until the late 19th century, natural musk was used extensively in perfumery until economic and ethical motives led to the adoption of synthetic musk, which is now used almost exclusively.

Until recently, it was common practice among synthetic chemists to taste newly prepared compounds.

Until at least September 2005, the United States funded efforts to help protect a major pipeline, the 769-kilometer-long Caño Limón – Puerto Coveñas pipeline, which carries about 20 percent of Colombia's oil production to Puerto Coveñas from the guerrilla-infested Arauca region in the eastern Andean foothills and Amazonian jungle.

Until the second half of 2008, Sudan's economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and large inflows of foreign direct investment.

Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings.

Until it shut down in February 2012, the Hovensa oil refinery produced, supplied by a fleet of tankers import.

Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of " St John Before the Latin Gate " on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.

Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of " St John Before the Latin Gate " on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.

Until recently the country's oil industry was fully controlled by the state company YPFB, established in 1936 with the mission to develop, refine and distribute oil resources.

Until cloves were grown outside of the Maluku Islands, they were traded like oil, with a forced limit on exportation.

Until they reached Canaan, the Israelites are implied by some passages in the Bible to have eaten only manna during their desert sojourn, despite the availability of milk and meat from the livestock with which they traveled, and the references to provisions of fine flour, oil, and meat, in parts of the journey's narrative.

Until his discovery, liquid perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which made a strong blend.

Until the 1970s, Bruin Lagoon was used for the disposal of wastes from mineral oil production, motor oil reclamation, crude storage tanks, and spent bauxite from mineral oil infiltration.

Until this time, the primary lamp fuel had been whale oil.

Until the 1970s, most oil wells were vertical, although lithological and mechanical imperfections cause most wells to deviate at least slightly from true vertical.

Until 1900 the manufacture of menhaden oil, a fish derivative, was one of the primary industrial pursuits.

Until then, the locally abundant coal was favoured over riskier overseas oil ( which came mostly from Persia ), but the speed and efficiency offered by oil convinced him that " Mastery itself was the prize of the venture ".

Until the unusually hard winter of 1709 killed most of the olive trees, Gandria was known for its olive oil.

Until 2009 many Bird's products, such as its instant custard powder, contained hydrogenated vegetable oil, a product now banned in some countries due to health concerns relating to heart disease.