Until the establishment of the prison, the area was entirely dependent on agriculture, and, after the close of the prison, the town continued economically dependent on agriculture.

Until the establishment of a turnpike road through the moor ( the present A30 ) in the 1770s the size of the moorland area made travel within Cornwall very difficult.

Until the establishment of the Consulate in 1799, Catholics were heavily repressed by the French.

Until the establishment of an official police force in 1857, Monmouth had a parish constable assisted by beadles to keep law and order.

Until July 2010, the Neighbourhood Policing Team for Waterloo consisted of an Inspector, Sergeant, two Constables, Special Constables, and 13 PCSOs-this establishment was significantly increased by the introduction of the ' Neighbourhood Hub Team ' at Waterloo, involving police officers from London Underground.

Until the establishment of the British Museum in 1753 the Bodleian was effectively the national library of England.

Until the establishment of Greater Sochi in 1961, it was administered as a separate town, which had its origin in an ancient Sadz village and a medieval Genoese trading post.

Until other forms of gambling became legal in Arkansas four decades later, Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred horse racing track south of downtown, was the only legal gambling establishment in Hot Springs and one of only two in the state of Arkansas ; the other was the Southland Greyhound Park dog track in West Memphis.

Until the establishment of the Mersey Railway in 1886, the ferries were the only means of crossing the river, and so all of the routes were heavily used.

Until the establishment of Halifax ( 1749 ), the militia units in Nova Scotia and Acadia were Mi ' kmaq, Maliseet and Acadian.

Until this point, all the proceedings were still only investigative, but on May 27, 1692, William Phips ordered the establishment of a Special Court of Oyer and Terminer for Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex counties to prosecute the cases of those in jail.

Until the establishment of these formal trade routes, many shorter routes had existed, connecting towns over various distances.

Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent National Government, representative of the whole people of Ireland and elected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government, hereby constituted, will administer the civil and military affairs of the Republic in trust for the people.

Until the establishment of the Abel Prize, the Wolf Prize was probably the closest equivalent of a " Nobel Prize in Mathematics ", since the more prestigious Fields Medal was only awarded every four years to mathematicians under forty years old.

Until the establishment of Grasslands National Park in the 1980s, this was the province's only national park.

Until the establishment of the South Ferry, which connected Atlantic Avenue to Manhattan in 1836, South Brooklyn was mostly rural.

Until its establishment as a separate company, leadership of NATS ( the ' Controller ') alternated between civil and military, the latter normally a serving Air Marshal.

Until the establishment of roads and railways in the early 1900s, Taihape, like other rural towns, remained largely an isolated pioneer settlement.

Until the outbreak of World War I, when he gave up his grand household establishment in Paris, MacMonnies travelled annually to the United States to see dealers and patrons, returning to Paris to work on his commissions.

Until the handover, the PLC had no legal standing in Hong Kong and acted as a transition body for the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Until the establishment of the General Certificate of Education, exams were set once a year by an external examiner ( s ) appointed by the governors, who reported in writing on the general proficiency of pupils, as well as the condition of the school.

Until the establishment of the Abel Prize, the Prize was probably the closest equivalent of a " Nobel Prize in Mathematics ", since the more prestigious Fields Medal is only awarded every 4 years to mathematicians under 40.

Until the establishment of the Second Broadcasting Authority and the widespread availability of cable television services in Israel ( which also produce their own cable programming directed at the local market ) in the early 1990s, the IBA maintained a virtual monopoly on television and radio broadcasting and production in Israel.

Until its closure the school regularly sang 150 settings of evensong ; it was the last educational establishment in England to sing the orders throughout the week.

Until the establishment of Excellent the Royal Navy did not have any formal system of teaching gunners on its ships the science of gunnery and much was left to individual captains to train their own gun crews.

Until the 2006 federal election was called she was a member of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.

Until 2003 she was on the board of advisors for the Federation for American Immigration Reform.

Until 2001, such deportations were legally permitted under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 but could not be effected due to the lack of an agreement between the United States and Cambodian governments ; however, in March 2001, the two governments signed a treaty regulating deportation between the two countries.

Until 1990, all telephone services were operated by the Gibraltar Government Telephone Department.

Until 2005, the Lord Chancellor fused the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, as he was the ex officio Speaker of the House of Lords, a Government Minister who sat in Cabinet and was head of the Lord Chancellor's Department which administered the courts, the justice system and appointed judges, and was the head of the Judiciary in England and Wales and sat as a judge on the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, the highest domestic court in the entire United Kingdom, and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the senior tribunal court for parts of the Commonwealth.

Until 1913 there was one Secretary of Commerce and Labor, uniting this department with the Department of Labor, which is now headed by a separate Secretary of Labor.

Until 1971, the postmaster general was the head of the Post Office Department ( or simply " Post Office " until the 1820s ).

Until March 1, 2003, the Service was part of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Until the mid 1970s, anyone could walk from the Town Center to clothing stores such as Smith's Department Store & Adams Shoes, food stores such as Jones Market & Cantell's, doctor's offices, barber shops, banks such as Woronoco Savings and Third National, and two family owned drugstores ; Southwick Pharmacy & Community Drugs complete with their own lunch counters.

Until the formation of the Oaklyn Fire Company, the Defender Fire Company handled firefighting duties in the Borough of Oaklyn ( The Defender Fire Company was subsequently taken over by the Audubon Fire Department ( Station 1-1 ) as of 1996 ).

Until 2009 police protection was contracted to the Patterson Township Police Department.

Until 1972, when the Washington State Department of Transportation re-routed Highway 20 ( then known as Star Route 20 ) outside the town, the Thompson Bridge was the only connecting thoroughfare across the Baker River and into eastern Skagit County.

Until 1921, it was usually called the Registrupr ( Registration Department ).

Until 2002 visitors often crossed the Rio Grande to visit the Mexican village of Boquillas, but the Department of Homeland Security closed the border crossing.

The family of five girls and two boys subsisted on a small piece of land, and Bageshwari also held a low-paying clerical position in a nearby sugar mill. Until the age of 15 he studied at the Gang Baksh Kanodiya High School in Sahpur and then joined junior college at Allahabad, about three hundred kilometers away. He was admitted to the Civil Engineering Department of IIT Kanpur in 1990, graduated in 1994.

Until 1978, the department was called the " Political Department " and was traditionally headed by the annually rotating President of the Confederation.

Until 2001, Network Solutions served as registrar for the. edu domain under an arrangement with the U. S. Department of Commerce.

Until 2009, the Georgia Department of Corrections headquarters was in the James H. " Sloppy " Floyd Veterans Memorial Building in Atlanta.

Until 2006, the Dulles Access Road was operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation ( VDOT ) under contract with the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, the owner of the land under both the Access Road and the Dulles Toll Road,

Until 1777, General Philip Schuyler had headed the Continental Army's Northern Department, with General Horatio Gates in charge of Ticonderoga.

Until 1954 he divided his time between South Africa and Oxford, then he gained the position of Senior Research Officer of the Department of Genetics and spent the rest of his career in Oxford as a genetics researcher.

Until 1979, the department was known as the Department of Justice and Police.

Until 2002, when he rejoined NASA as Chief Safety and Mission Assurance Officer, O ' Connor served as Director of Engineering for Futron Corporation, a Bethesda, Maryland based company providing risk management and aerospace safety and dependability services to government and commercial organizations including the Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Defense, NASA, Department of Energy, Westinghouse, AlliedSignal and others.

Until June 2007, it was sponsored by the former Department for Education and Skills ( DfES ).

Until 2007, he was Chief of the Policy Analysis and Development Branch of the Financing for Development Office of United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

Until 1907, there had already been Geography-History department, Chinese-Foreign Language Department, Mathematic-Physics-Chemistry Department, and Agriculture Department.