Using first-hand remarks ( which would later be published in Philosophical Investigations, Culture and Value, and other works ), philosophers such as Peter Winch and Norman Malcolm developed what has come to be known as contemplative philosophy, a Wittgensteinian school of thought rooted in the " Swansea tradition " and which includes Wittgensteinians such as Rush Rhees, Peter Winch and D. Z. Phillips, among others.

Therefore, considering the fact that the " Discount " must match the benefits obtained from a similar Investment Asset, the " Discount Yield " must be used within the same compounding mechanism to negotiate an increase in the size of the " Discount " whenever the time period the payment is delayed or extended .< Ref Name =" Economics_Discount "/> The “ Discount Rate ” is the rate at which the “ Discount ” must grow as the delay in payment is extended .< Ref Name =" MathEcon_Chiang "> Alpha C Chiang, " Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, Third Edition ", McGraw Hill Book Company, 1984 .</ ref > This fact is directly tied into the " Time Value of Money " and its calculations.

The Rate of Return on investment should be the dominant factor in evaluating the market's assessment of the difference between the " Future Value " and the " Present Value " of a payment ; and it is the Market's assessment that counts the most .< Ref Name =" Economics_Competition "/> Therefore, the " Discount Yield ", which is predetermined by a related Return on Investment that is found in the financial markets, is what is used within the " Time Value of Money " calculations to determine the " Discount " required to delay payment of a financial liability for a given period of time.

If we consider the value of the original payment presently due to be $ P, and the debtor wants to delay the payment for t years, then an r % Market Rate of Return on a similar Investment Assets means the " Future Value " of $ P is $ P * ( 1 + r %)< sup > t </ sup >, and the " Discount " would be calculated as

If $ F is a payment that will be made t years in the future, then the " Present Value " of this Payment, also called the " Discounted Value " of the payment, is

* Traditional Present Value Approach-in this approach a single set of estimated cash flows and a single interest rate ( commensurate with the risk, typically a weighted average of cost components ) will be used to estimate the fair value.

For Andrews, to be paid " justly " was to be paid according to the " Cost Principle ," which held that individuals should be paid according to the amount of labor they exert rather than according to the benefit that another receives from that labor ( the latter being called the " Value Principle ").

An open-end fund trades at its Net Asset Value ( to which sales charges may be added ; and adjustments may be made for e. g. the frictional costs of purchasing or selling the underlying investments ).

The Audigy 4 Pro is not to be confused with the Audigy 4 ( Value ) which contains lower quality DACs and does not have golden plated jacks.

In MIDI, adjustable parameters for each of the 16 possible MIDI channels may be set with the Control Change message, which has a Control Number parameter and a Control Value parameter.

A Serious Fall in the Value of Gold ( 1863 ) and The Coal Question ( 1865 ) placed him in the front rank as a writer on applied economics and statistics ; and he would be remembered as one of the leading economists of the 19th century even had his Theory of Political Economy never been written.

Value added tax is generally not treated as part of cost of goods sold if it may be used as an input credit or otherwise recoverable from the taxing authority.

Value theory can be either normative or descriptive but is usually descriptive.

To be widely acceptable, a medium of exchange should have stable purchasing power ( Value ) and therefore it should possess the following characteristics:

Value can therefore be increased by either improving the function or reducing the cost.

Also, in his article " Democracy as a Universal Value ", Amartya Sen pointed out that no universal " Asian " value system could possibly exist, because the cultural diversity of Asia is far too great for there to be a single set of common values across the region.

Value theory encompasses a range of approaches to understanding how, why and to what degree people value things ; whether the thing is a person, idea, object, or anything else.

Value and respect people by understanding a " win " for all is ultimately a better long-term resolution than if only one person in the situation had gotten his way.

Both the Adjusted Equalized Net Grand List per Capita ( AENGLC ) Wealth Value and the CPR AENGLC Wealth Value, show that Greenwich has the highest wealth value in Connecticut at over $ 430, 000 per person.

An estimate of Fair Market Value is usually subjective due to the circumstances of place, time, the existence of comparable precedents, and the evaluation principles of each involved person.

* Consultant, in partnership with Jeremy Harrison, Cambridge ( Public Value Partnership, working on new project development and evaluation of existing projects in the community and voluntary sector

In her 1988 book, Lesbian Ethics: Towards a New Value, Lesbian Philosopher Sarah Lucia Hoagland alludes to Lesbian Separatism's potential to encourage lesbians to develop healthy community ethics based on shared values.

New directors have come from the member / volunteer community and people who came in contact with the organization while previously employed at places like Value Line and The Securities and Exchange Commission.

This group of students plan lessons and activities to get lowerclassmen excited about community service placements across the city at non-profits such as the Added Value Farm in Redhook, Brooklyn and Community Voices Heard in East Harlem.

* Parameter Value Coverage-In a method taking parameters, have all the common values for such parameters been considered?

Independent hardware stores such as Ace Hardware and True Value added customer loyalty programs in order to compete more effectively against larger chains as well as gather customer data.

*** Value pluralism contends that there are two or more genuine scales of value, knowable as such, yet incommensurable, so that any prioritization of these values is either non-cognitive or subjective.

Several theories attempt to explain and quantify the relationship between animals and their food, such as Kleiber's law, Holling's disk equation and Marginal Value Theorem.

Protectionists argue that this reverse protectionism is most clearly seen and most detrimental to those countries ( such as the US ) that do not participate in the Value Added Tax ( VAT ) system.

The SIM also stores other carrier-specific data such as the SMSC ( Short Message Service Center ) number, Service Provider Name ( SPN ), Service Dialing Numbers ( SDN ), Advice-Of-Charge parameters and Value Added Service ( VAS ) applications.

Examples of such " tools " are Value Stream Mapping, Five S, Kanban ( pull systems ), and poka-yoke ( error-proofing ).

Value is perceived by customers and, as such, is subjective.

In 1989, the Common Stored Value Ticket system was extended to Kowloon Motor Bus ( KMB ) buses providing a feeder service to MTR and KCR stations and to Citybus, and was also extended to a limited number of non-transport applications, such as payments at photobooths and for fast food vouchers.

He also starred in several films on TV and video releases such as Detonator, Bar-Hopping, Dumb Luck, Face Value and Danielle Steel's Mixed Blessings.

VANs usually service a given vertical or industry and provide " Value Added Network Services " (" VAN Services " or VANSs ) such as data transformation between formats ( EDI-to-XML, EDI-to-EDI, etc.

* HAVCAP: " High Asset Value Combat Air Patrol ", flown to protect a " high-value asset " such as an AWACS aircraft or aerial refueling aircraft during its specific time on station.

It was responsible for the collection of Value added tax ( VAT ), Customs Duties, Excise Duties, and other indirect taxes such as Air Passenger Duty, Climate Change Levy, Insurance Premium Tax, Landfill Tax and Aggregates Levy.

Algorythm Recordings, their own imprint, was re-launched in 2005 and includes releases from artists such as Current Value, Limewax, SPL and T. Z. A.

Noting the rise of discount stores such as Wal-Mart, in the 1990s Unilever ( which acquired the brand in 1996 ) instituted a broad strategy, called " The Power of Value " to use its Suave brand to sell a line of discount personal care products in contrast to its high-profile brands such as Helene Curtis, Calvin Klein and Salon Selectives lines.

Estate agents selling residential property generally charge between 2 % and 3 % of the sale price plus VAT ( Value Added Tax ) Additional marketing charges are also applied for advertising, in media such as newspapers and websites.

The Princeton Review has named Eau Claire a " Best Value College " ( one of 50 such public campuses in the country ) and a " Best Midwestern College.

Value he contends can only be derived from personal beliefs such as religion.

The games in the Guild Wars series were critically well received and won many editor's choice awards, as well as awards such as Best Value, Best Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game ( MMORPG ), and Best Game.

The group highlighted the high levels of fat and sodium in products such as the Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese Extra Value Meal, which contains 61 grams of fat and 1, 650 milligrams of sodium.

The universal currency is the Standard Value Unit ( SVU ), a fiduciary issue backed by several of the Oikumene's largest banks, such as the Bank of Rigel.