Various scholars on early Wiccan history, such as Ronald Hutton, Philip Heselton, and Leo Ruickbie concur that witchcraft's early rituals, as devised by Gardner, contained much from Crowley's writings such as the Gnostic Mass.

Various other social and political movements, both religious and secular, have also been linked to millennialist metaphors by scholars.

Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time ; its political structure ; the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici ; and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.

Various theories and views of truth continue to be debated among scholars and philosophers.

Various are the opinions of scholars and historians as to how deep Anne's commitment to the Reformation was, how much was she perhaps only personally ambitious, and how much she had to do with Henry's defiance of Papal power.

Various scholars have offered significant refinements to this basic formulation ( details below ).

Various explanations have, therefore, been offered by ancient as well as modern scholars without, however, succeeding in furnishing a completely satisfactory solution.

Various scholars beginning with Magnus Olsen have pointed to the similarity with what Sif does at the feast described in Lokasenna.

Various scholars ( including a prominent U. S. circuit court judge ) conclude that the U. S. national-electoral process is not a democracy due to issues around voting rights in Puerto Rico.

Various 19th century scholars, such as Julius Wellhausen and William Robertson Smith, believed the tradition to have been validated from the occasional occurrence of a merman motif found in Assyrian and Phoenician art, including coins from Ashdod and Arvad.

Various scholars have developed guidelines, or canons of textual criticism, to guide the exercise of the critic's judgment in determining the best readings of a text.

Various scholars have debated the nature of such categories, as well as the definition of the term " third gender ".

Various schools of thought within Islamic jurisprudence may define this consensus as that of the first generation of Muslims only ; the consensus of the first three generations of Muslims ; the consensus of the jurists and scholars of the Muslim world, or scholarly consensus ; or the consensus of all the Muslim world, both scholars and laymen.

Various scholars have detected a number of analogues to She in earlier literature.

Various scholars and historians such as John McLeod attribute the conversion of the Ghauris to Islam at the hands of Mahmud Ghazni who converted them to Islam after his conquest of Ghor.

Various scholars ( including Norman Davies in his 2004 book Rising ' 44: The Battle for Warsaw ) argue that during the Warsaw Uprising both the governments of United Kingdom and the United States did little to help Polish insurgents and that the Allies put little pressure on Stalin to help the Polish struggle.

Various scholars have suggested Shakespeare's possible authorship, since a number of passages appear to bear his stamp, among other sections that are remarkably uninspired.

Various scholars see these as deriving from cheironomic hand-gestures, from the ekphonetic notation of Byzantine chant, or from punctuation or accent marks.

Various reforms of the alphabet by scholars of Church Slavonic, Ruthenian, and Russian languages caused the written and spoken word to diverge by varying amounts.

Various scholars have formuated speculations concerning whether any of the earlier accounts of European explorers in the New World fit the coast of Massachusetts, but Smith's account surely identifies Plum Island.

Various scholars dispute the attendance of Chen Yun, Liu Shaoqi, Wang Jiaxiang, He Kequan, Deng Fa, Nie Rongzhen, and Deng Xiaoping.

Various contemporary scholars have characterized Abhinavagupta as a " brilliant scholar and saint ", " the pinnacle of the development of Kasmir Śaivism " and " in possession of yogic realization ".

Various scholars have dated the composition of these religious poems to anywhere in the range of the first three centuries AD.

Various scholars have proposed that it comes from the Chinese term for " Turk " ( 突厥, Tūjué ); from the name of Dali ( 大理國, Dàlǐguó ), the capital of the Kingdom of Nanzhao ; a Chinese corruption of the term Dàyuèzhī ( 大月支 or 大月氏 ), a Chinese term referring to Mongol-speaking Kushan Huns.

Various metal ions have been found to protect plasma arylesterase against inactivation by urea and guanidine.

Various categories have been explored to find out about these `` empirical probabilities '' against which to measure the readings.

Various dates for his life have been proposed, ranging from approximately 1600 to 1200 BC.

Various theorists have differing, though similar, legal philosophies which are considered to fall under " anarcho-capitalism.

Various attempts have been made to define Post-modern aesthetics.

Various forms of biographic and counselling work have been developed on the basis of anthroposophy.

Various myths have been told around what happened after Artemis took her.

Various colleges and universities have awarded Clinton honorary degrees, including Doctorate of Law degrees and Doctor of Humane Letters degrees.

Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness.

Various baseball pundits, fans, and even players have taken this as confirmation that Bonds used illegal steroids.

Various types of creatures have been suggested to explain both the sightings and what type of creature Bigfoot would be if it existed.

* Various: several short sources, none of which have much connection to each other, and are fairly independent of the rest of the text.

Various interpolations have been made in the text of the central poem.

Various rock and roll histories have asserted the singing group The Hollies were named in homage to Buddy Holly.

" Various female politicians, including former Prime Minister of New Zealand, Helen Clark, have been called Boadicea.

Various changes have been made to the music and visuals since then, with presentation following the style of BBC News.

Various other claims have been made to the Saville Inquiry about gunmen on the day.

Various studies have estimated the death toll at between 740, 000 and 3, 000, 000, most commonly between 1. 4 million and 2. 2 million, with perhaps half of those deaths being due to executions, and the rest from starvation and disease.

Various enzymes have been identified in human cervical mucus.

Various pastors and other religious figures and activists such as Rick Warren, Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson campaigned for various social and political causes have achieved celebrity status in mainstream media as well.

Various materials have been used for the disc friction facings, including asbestos in the past.

Various estimates of the population have been taken since ; in 1956 it was estimated a population of 1, 411, 416, with 54 % Christian and 44 % Muslim.

Various paranormal interpretations appeared in the popular culture, and one of the more outspoken proponents of rods as alien life forms is Jose Escamilla, who claims to have been the first to film them on March 19, 1994 at Roswell, New Mexico, while attempting to film a UFO.

Various sociologists have reported caste systems in Africa.

Various reasons over the decades have been offered for why people have never suspected Superman and Clark Kent of being one and the same: