* The Viterbi algorithm ( used for hidden Markov models )

The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states – called the Viterbi path – that results in a sequence of observed events, especially in the context of Markov information sources and hidden Markov models.

The terms " Viterbi path " and " Viterbi algorithm " are also applied to related dynamic programming algorithms that discover the single most likely explanation for an observation.

The Viterbi algorithm was proposed by Andrew Viterbi in 1967 as a decoding algorithm for convolutional codes over noisy digital communication links.

A variant of the CYK algorithm finds the Viterbi parse of a sequence for a given SCFG.

In 1967 he invented the Viterbi algorithm, which he used for decoding convolutionally encoded data.

Viterbi also helped to develop the CDMA standard for cell phone networks.

The Viterbi School received other major gifts including gifts from Silicon Valley venture capitalist Mark Stevens who created the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation in 2004 ; real estate developer Daniel J. Epstein who named the Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering with an $ 11 million gift in 2002 ; Energy Corporation of America CEO John Mork who named the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science with a $ 15 million gift in 2005 ; Ken Klein, CEO and president of Wind River Systems, who established the Klein Institute for Undergraduate Engineering Life with an $ 11 million gift, also in 2005 ; Ming Hsieh, founder of Cogent Inc., who named the Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering in 2006 with a $ 35 million gift ; and Los Angeles real estate developer Sonny Astani, who named the Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering with a $ 17 million gift in 2007.

Among the many organizations on campus, the Associated Students of Biomedical Engineering ( ASBME ) is an undergraduate student organization for biomedical engineering students at the USC Viterbi School of Engineering.

The Viterbi Graduate Students ' Association ( VGSA ) is the students ' body for about 3, 300 Graduate students at USC.

Their methods were similar to the Viterbi algorithm known for some time in other fields.

Some current major algorithms for part-of-speech tagging include the Viterbi algorithm, Brill Tagger, Constraint Grammar, and the Baum-Welch algorithm ( also known as the forward-backward algorithm ).

Caterpillar Inc. has provided funding for the Viterbi project since the summer of 2008.

A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been

Viterbi decoding was developed by Andrew J. Viterbi and published in the paper " Error Bounds for Convolutional Codes and an Asymptotically Optimum Decoding Algorithm ", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Volume IT-13, pages 260-269, in April, 1967.

A hardware Viterbi decoder for basic ( not punctured ) code usually consists of the following major blocks:

" Hardwired " ( as opposed to software programmable soft microprocessors described above ) digital logic IP cores are also licensed for fixed functions such as MP3 audio decode, 3D GPU, digital video decode, and other DSP functions such as FFT, DCT, or Viterbi coding.

For relatively small values of k, the Viterbi algorithm is universally used as it provides maximum likelihood performance and is highly parallelizable.

An approximate confidence measure can be added to each bit by use of the Soft output Viterbi algorithm.

* Longer constraint lengths produce more powerful codes, but the complexity of the Viterbi algorithm increases exponentially with constraint lengths, limiting these more powerful codes to deep space missions where the extra performance is easily worth the increased decoder complexity.

The Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise.

* Apply a sequence detector at the receiver, that attempts to estimate the sequence of transmitted symbols using the Viterbi algorithm.

A common approach is to use a variant of the Viterbi algorithm.

** with constraint length less than 10, usually decoded using a Viterbi algorithm ( see Viterbi decoder );

For example, in statistical parsing a dynamic programming algorithm can be used to discover the single most likely context-free derivation ( parse ) of a string, which is sometimes called the " Viterbi parse ".

The Viterbi algorithm finds the most likely string of text given the acoustic signal.

The Viterbi algorithm is the optimum algorithm used to decode convolutional codes.

They seem to feel that because they fought on the right side during the Civil War, and won, they have earned the right merely to deplore what is going on in the South, without taking any responsibility for it ; ;

but all the same he thought now, uneasily, of the way in which Angelo earned his living -- and paid for his own stuff -- and eyed the soft smile, and the spaniel-like dark eyes, and he felt a little ill.

He was heralded as `` Sportsman of the Year '' by Sports Illustrated, and last night was acclaimed in Rochester as the `` Professional Athlete of the Year '', a distinction that earned for him the $10,000 diamond-studded Hickok Belt.

Polo's travels took him across such a diverse human landscape and his accounts of the peoples he met as he journeyed were so detailed that they earned for Polo the name " the father of modern anthropology.

In his early years he played with the camel foals and goats, and his love for camels earned him the nickname " Abu Bakr ", the father of the foal of the camel.

He had a humble background, and appears to have earned a living as a porter at the docks of Alexandria, hence his nickname of " Sack-bearer " ( Sakkas for sakkophoros ).

In September 2009 criticism over the seven-figure salaries earned by various coaches at Arizona's public universities ( including ASU ) prompted the Arizona Board of Regents to re-evaluate the salary and benefit policy for athletic staff.

Carnegie spent energy and resources lobbying congress for a continuation of favorable tariffs from which he earned millions of dollars a year.

Napoleon earned the hatred of the Paolists by pretending to support Paoli and then turning against him ( payment, one supposes, for Sardinia ).

During its first two seasons, it was the number one program in the U. S. During its second season, it earned some of the highest ratings ever recorded for a half-hour sitcom.

The film earned over $ 60 million at the domestic box office, a strong return for a film that cost only $ 5 million to produce.

* ERA +— Adjusted ERA +: earned run average adjusted for the ballpark and the league average

In baseball, an earned run is any run for which the pitcher is held accountable ( i. e., the run scored as a result of normal pitching, and not due to a fielding error or a passed ball ).

To determine whether a run is earned, the official scorer must reconstruct the inning as it would have occurred without the errors ( for purposes of this rule, the " errors " also include passed balls ).

A runner who reaches on catcher's interference and subsequently scores with two outs scores an unearned run, but baserunners who subsequently score after the runner who has reached on catcher's interference exclusively on clean plays score earned runs ; the baserunner cannot be assumed to have been put out except for the error.

Neither the use of a pinch-runner to replace a baserunner who represents an unearned run nor the use of a pinch-hitter to continue the turn at bat of a batter who would be out except for an error transforms a run scored by such a person or his successors on base from an unearned run to an earned run.

Franklin earned the title of " The First American " for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity ; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation.

It was for his theological writings that he earned the title of Doctor Anglorum, and why he was made a saint.

On September 21, closer Jim Johnson earned his 46th save of the season, setting a new Orioles franchise record for saves by one pitcher in a single season.

Aged 14, he amassed 745 runs in the schoolboys ' league, with an average of 126. 16 per innings, which earned him selection for the Trinidad national under-16 team.

All were licensed by Frederick Warne & Co. and earned Potter an independent income as well as immense profits for her publisher.

Lancaster sought demanding roles, and if he liked a part or a director, he was prepared to work for much lower pay than he might have earned elsewhere.

His constant demands for Western support and funding also earned him the nickname of " General Cash-My-Check ".