John Glen Wardrop ( 1886 – 1969 ) was an English transport analyst who developed Wardrop's first and second principles of equilibrium.

Wardrop's first principle of route choice, which is identical to the notion postulated by Knight, became accepted as a sound and simple behavioral principle to describe the spreading of trips over alternate routes due to congested conditions.

Other applications include traffic flow ( see Wardrop's principle ), how to organize auctions ( see auction theory ), the outcome of efforts exerted by multiple parties in the education process, regulatory legislation such as environmental regulations ( see Tragedy of the Commons ), and even penalty kicks in soccer ( see Matching pennies ).

Wardrop's second principle states: At equilibrium the average journey time is minimum.

Traffic flows satisfying Wardrop's second principle are generally deemed " system optimal " ( SO ).

Meanwhile, Colonel J. Wolcott Phelps, commanding at Newport News, would send detachments from his own 1st Vermont Infantry and Colonel David W. Wardrop's 4th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 90 – day Militia ) under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Peter T. Washburn to approach Little Bethel from the opposite side.

* The Man in the Panther's Skin: full text of M. Wardrop's English translation.

* The Man in the Panther's Skin: full text of M. Wardrop's English translation.

In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

Logically, then, the first principle of the plan must be that it is not rigidly oriented toward any geographical area.

If we consider a process in which the outcome of one stage is known before passage to the next, then the principle of optimality shows that the policy in subsequent stages should be optimal with respect to the outcome of the first.

This basic principle, the first in a richly knotted bundle, was conveyed to me by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr., at the University of Buffalo, where he heads the world's first department of anthropology and linguistics.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

A life of gentility and principle such as Cousin Elec had lived had to be known at first hand.

He reformed Austria's armies to adopt the nation at arms principle ; in 1809, he went into the War of the Fifth Coalition with confidence and inflicted Napoleon's first major setback at Aspern-Essling, before suffering a defeat at the bloody Battle of Wagram.

Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those laws.

But under orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón, he was arrested there, attracting worldwide attention, not only because of the history of Chile and South America, but also because this was one of the first arrests of a former president based on the universal jurisdiction principle.

Thomas Aquinas wrote in the 13th century: " the rule and measure of human acts is the reason, which is the first principle of human acts " ( Aquinas, ST I-II, Q. 90, A. I ).

Exhaled CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( g ) depletes CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( aq ) which in turn consumes H < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub > causing the aforementioned shift left in the first reaction by Le Chatelier's principle.

Later on, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this French revolutionary principle – though not of course its specific way to identify the “ general will ” – percolated into first Socialist and then Fascist political thinking.

Apparently unaware of Smeaton's work, the same principle was identified by Louis Vicat in the first decade of the nineteenth century.

The first experimental device demonstrating the principle was a row of closely spaced metal squares on an oxidized silicon surface electrically accessed by wire bonds.

This first, foundational principle by which congregationalism is guided results in confining it to operate with the consent of each gathering of believers.

God had no beginning, and is the universal first principle.

Christians regard the foundational principle of the lifelong union of a man and a woman to have been first articulated biblically in, and reaffirmed by Jesus in and, and by the Apostle Paul in.

In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom.

The Upanishads saw dharma as the universal principle of law, order, harmony, all in all truth, that sprang first from Brahman.

Iamblichus describes the One as a monad whose first principle or emanation is intellect ( nous ), while among " the many " that follow it there's a second, super-existent " One " that is the producer of intellect or soul ( psyche ).

This presentation also emphasizes the notation of the two kinds of Bernoulli numbers, called the first and the second kind, which are of equal legitimacy, and in principle not to favor of each other.

This principle, the conservation of energy, was first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system.

The first principle of skilled memory, the meaningful encoding principle, states that experts exploit prior knowledge to durably encode information needed to perform a familiar task successfully.

In his recognition of his impersonal self the dancer moves, and this self, in the `` first revealed stroke of its existence '', states the theme from which all else must follow.

Although we are still far from a complete understanding of these problems, as a first approximation, it is suggested that alterations in the hypothalamic balance with consequent changes in the hypothalamic-cortical discharges account for major changes in behavior seen in various moods and states of emotions in man and beast under physiological circumstances, in experimental and clinical neurosis, and as the result of psychopharmacological agents.

The first meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, a great big place where we were able to meet members from all the other states.

Much of its shock value derives from the fact that the first portion of the essay describes the plight of starving beggars in Ireland, so that the reader is unprepared for the surprise of Swift's solution when he states, " A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled ; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragoust.

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.

Note that " completeness " has a different meaning here than it does in the context of Gödel's first incompleteness theorem, which states that no recursive, consistent set of non-logical axioms of the Theory of Arithmetic is complete, in the sense that there will always exist an arithmetic statement such that neither nor can be proved from the given set of axioms.

where the first sum is over positive energy states and the second over those of negative energy.

He was the first German noble to support Luther's ideas and in 1544 founded the University of Königsberg ( the so called Albertina ) as a rival to the Roman Catholic Cracow Academy ; it was only the second Lutheran university in the German states, after Marburg.

In early March Congress, led in part by Radical Republicans, passed the first in a series of four Reconstruction Acts, initially providing for the recognition of provisional governments to be established thereunder by the Southern states, on the condition that each state ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and assure suffrage for freedmen.

While Stradivari's first known violin states that he was a pupil of Amati, the validity of his statement is questioned.

124-126 .</ ref > While other philosophers also recognized such transitions in states of matter, Anaximenes was the first to associate the quality pairs hot / dry and cold / wet with the density of a single material and add a quantitative dimension to the Milesian monistic system .< ref > Kirk, G. S., J. E.

In the Fort Worth Star-Telegram daily newspaper ( morning edition ) 19 September 1970, J. Howard " Doc " DeCelles states that he was actually the victim of the first skyjacking in December 1929.

Armida was translated into German and widely performed, especially in the northern German states, where it helped to establish Salieri's reputation as an important and innovative modern composer It would also be the first opera to receive a serious preparation in a piano and vocal reduction by Carl Friedrich Cramer in 1783.

The ANFC ran the Championship of Australia, the first national club competition, which commenced in 1888 and saw clubs from different states compete on an even playing field.

The Calendar of Saints states that her first husband was poisoned by the holder of real power, his successor, Berengar of Ivrea, who attempted to cement his political power by forcing her to marry his son, Adalbert ; when she refused and fled, she was tracked down and imprisoned for four months at Como.

For a first order predicate calculus, with no (" proper ") axioms, Gödel's completeness theorem states that the theorems ( provable statements ) are exactly the logically valid well-formed formulas, so identifying valid formulas is recursively enumerable: given unbounded resources, any valid formula can eventually be proven.

A coin by a contender for the imperial throne, Pacatianus, explicitly states " Year one thousand and first ", which is an indication that the citizens of the Empire had a sense of the beginning of a new era, a Saeculum Novum.

http :// uk. news. yahoo. com /​ oklahoma-says-running-death ​- penalty-drug-001238468. ht ​ ml reads: " Oklahoma was the first state in the country to use pentobarbital in 2010 after a shortage of another AESTHETIC, sodium thiopental, caused penal officials in death penalty states to look for an alternative .... Oklahoma could resort to another AESTHETIC never used before in executions, Massie said, or it could try to tap existing supplies of pentobarbital.

For example, in the U. S. states of California, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington, barratry is a misdemeanor ; in Texas, a misdemeanor on the first conviction, but a felony on subsequent convictions.

Soviet-style centralised planning in five-year blocks had more immediate benefits there than in the other European states where it was first applied in the early 1950s.

Unlike the communist parties in most other East European states, the BCP ( changing its name to Bulgarian Socialist Party ) retained majority power after the transition in Bulgaria by winning the first free national elections in June 1990.

The energy released from transferring the electrons from high-energy states in NADH and quinol is conserved first as proton gradient and converted to ATP via ATP synthase.

The cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, that vital functions of an organism occur within cells, and that all cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.