Western alchemy is recognized as a protoscience that contributed to the development of modern chemistry and medicine.

The development of antibacterial-resistant bacteria has sparked renewed interest in phage therapy in Western medicine.

The bulk of the Britannica is devoted to geography ( 26 % of the Macropædia ), biography ( 14 %), biology and medicine ( 11 %), literature ( 7 %), physics and astronomy ( 6 %), religion ( 5 %), art ( 4 %), Western philosophy ( 4 %), and law ( 3 %).

Greek medicine was part of Greek culture, and Syrian Eastern Christians came in contact with it while the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantium ) ruled Syria and Western Mesopotamia, regions that were conquered from Byzantium in the 7th century by Arab Muslims.

He is referred to as the father of Western medicine in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the onset of the Early Middle Ages, the Greek tradition of medicine went into decline in Western Europe, although it continued uninterrupted in the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire.

The use of Paracelsus ' laudanum was introduced to Western medicine in 1527, when Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, better known by the name Paracelsus, returned from his wanderings in Arabia with a famous sword, within the pommel of which he kept " Stones of Immortality " compounded from opium thebaicum, citrus juice, and " quintessence of gold.

During his lifetime, Paracelsus was viewed as an adventurer who challenged the theories and mercenary motives of contemporary medicine with dangerous chemical therapies, but his therapies marked a turning point in Western medicine.

Within Western culture and over recent centuries, conventional Western medicine has become increasingly based on scientific reductionism and materialism.

Within conventional Western medicine, most physicians still pay heed to their ancient traditions:

He was the first European to teach Western medicine in Japan.

In contrast to much of medical anthropology, it does not generally take a critical approach to biomedicine and Western medicine.

Hippocrates, the " father of Western medicine ", wrote that silver had beneficial healing and antidisease properties, and the Phoenicians stored water, wine, and vinegar in silver bottles to prevent spoiling.

Many cloth shops located on Wing On Street, also known as Cloth Alley, were moved to the Western Market while Eu Yan Sang, a traditional Chinese medicine shop, was moved near the Stag Building to continue business.

" By the fifteenth century at the latest, surgery had split away from physic as its own subject, of a lesser status than pure medicine, and initially took the form of a craft tradition until Rogerius Salernitanus composed his Chirurgia, laying the foundation for modern Western surgical manuals up to the modern time.

Western medicine seeks to find a cause to all disease and attempt to cure it ; very much cause and effect.

According to Szasz, “ the therapeutic state swallows up everything human on the seemingly rational ground that nothing falls outside the province of health and medicine, just as the theological state had swallowed up everything human on the perfectly rational ground that nothing falls outside the province of God and religion .” Faced with the problem of “ madness ,” Western individualism proved to be ill prepared to defend the rights of the individual: modern man has no more right to be a madman than medieval man had a right to be a heretic because if once people agree that they have identified the one true God, or Good, it brings about that they have to guard members and nonmembers of the group from the temptation to worship false gods or goods.

Derek Parfit was born in Chengdu, China to Norman and Jessie Parfit ( née Browne ), both medical doctors who had moved to Western China in order to teach preventive medicine in missionary hospitals.

In Western medicine preparations of aconite were used until just after the middle of the 20th century, but it is no longer employed as it has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs and treatments.

These methods are widely accepted in many parts of the Andes, where Western medicine is either unavailable or distrusted.

His " Cœliac Affection " ( coeliac from Greek κοιλιακός koiliakos, " abdominal ") gained the attention of Western medicine when Francis Adams presented a translation of Aretaeus's work at the Sydenham Society in 1856.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

National responsibility for individual welfare is a concept not limited to the United States or even to the Western nations.

Historically, however, the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group.

While the pattern is uneven, some having gained more than others, nationalism has in fact served the Western peoples well.

While it is hazardous to project the trend of history, it seems clear that a genuine community is painfully emerging in the Western world, particularly among the countries of Western Europe.

That time is now past and the Atlantic nations, if they are to survive, must develop a full-fledged community, and they must also look beyond the frontiers of `` Western civilization '' toward a world-wide `` concert of free nations ''.

So far as the record is concerned, the Western powers have not acquiesced and should not do so.

The Inter-american Press Association, which blankets the Western Hemisphere from northern Canada to Cape Horn, is meeting in New York City this week for the first time in eleven years.

It is quite evident that the people of Western Europe are overwhelmingly opposed to participation in a nuclear war.

Or the city can be a graveyard monument to Western intransigence, if that is what the West wants.

No matter that it is his troops who rape Western women and eat Western men.

No matter that the Katanga operation is strategically insane in terms of Western interests in Africa.

The gulf between the `` rich '' and the `` poor '' has narrowed, in the industrialized Western world, to the point that the word `` poor '' is hardly applicable.

The most unusual of them is the Ithaca 49 ( about $20, $5 for a saddle scabbard ) -- a lever-action single-shot patterned after the famous Winchester lever-action and featuring the Western look.

Certainly, it is the traditional clarity of his music which has endeared him to the Western World -- not his experimentations.

Now, you probably share the widespread Western belief that the Lord Buddha is the most compassionate of the gods, much more so than Jehovah and Allah and the rest.

And is Western influence greater or less than it used to be??

Fearful of inviting a military showdown with the West which they could not win, the Communists seek to undermine Western power where the nuclear might of the West is irrelevant -- in backwoods guerrilla skirmishes, in mob uprisings in the streets, in parliaments, in clandestine meetings of undercover conspirators, at the United Nations, on the propaganda front, at diplomatic conferences -- preferably at the highest level.

After Cuba and Laos, it was argued, Mr. Khrushchev will interpret the President's consent to the meeting as further evidence of Western weakness -- perhaps even panic -- and is certain to try to exploit the advantage he now believes he holds.

This is an area nearly as large as Western Europe ; ;

If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic -- well, the record itself is not too encouraging.