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When wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are quoted, the wavelength in vacuum usually is intended unless the wavelength is specifically identified as the wavelength in some other medium.
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When and wavelengths
When the two waves are in phase, i. e. the path difference is equal to an integral number of wavelengths, the summed amplitude, and therefore the summed intensity is maximum, and when they are in anti-phase, i. e. the path difference is equal to half a wavelength, one and a half wavelengths, etc., then the two waves cancel and the summed intensity is zero.
When iodine is dissolved in polar solvents which are strong donor solvents such as ketones, ethers, pyridine, the formation of charge-transfer complex leads to modification of the energy gap between the two molecular orbitals, thus different wavelengths were absorbed and iodine has different color in solvents with different polarity.
When the light or other wave involved is monochromatic, that is, of a single frequency, Snell's law can also be expressed in terms of a ratio of wavelengths in the two media, λ < sub > 1 </ sub > and λ < sub > 2 </ sub >:
* 1931-Term microwave first used in print: " When trials with wavelengths as low as 18 cm.
When properly designed, they run cooler than absorptive filters because they can reflect unwanted wavelengths.
When a material is exposed to an ion beam, atomic interactions occur that give off EM radiation of wavelengths in the x-ray part of the electromagnetic spectrum specific to an element.
When white light is viewed, the red portions of light incident upon the eye are not transmitted as efficiently as the other wavelengths ( or colors ), and the result is the illusion of viewing the complementary color since the image is now biased by loss of the color, in this case red.
" When all wavelengths stimulate the retinal region adapted to green light, the M and L cones contribute less to the resulting percept because their photopigments absorb less light than the S cones.
When that particular molecule, and only that specific molecule, fits into the nanosensor, and light is shone upon the nanosensor, it will reflect different wavelengths of light and, thus, be a different color ..
When the neuron fires, the laser light pattern and wavelengths it reflects would change slightly.
When the walls are only a few wavelengths apart, as arises for example with the thin films used in the manufacture of optical coatings, the reflections tend to combine coherently, resulting in interference.
When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric-ring pattern of rainbow colors, because the different wavelengths of light interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces.
When an electron from the inner shell of an atom is lost due to some sort of excitation, it is replaced with an electron from the outer shell ; the difference in energy is emitted as an X-ray photon which has a wavelength that is characteristic for the element ( there could be several of characteristic wavelengths per element ).
When the sun is quiet, the galactic background noise dominates at longer wavelengths.
When three wavelengths (&# 955 ;< sub > 1 </ sub >, &# 955 ;< sub > 2 </ sub >, and &# 955 ;< sub > 3 </ sub >) interact in a nonlinear medium, they give rise to a fourth wavelength (&# 955 ;< sub > 4 </ sub >) which is formed by the scattering of the incident photons, producing the fourth photon.
When and electromagnetic
When any wire ( or other conducting object such as an antenna ) conducts alternating current, electromagnetic radiation is propagated at the same frequency as the electric current.
When electromagnetic radiation is incident on matter, it causes the charged particles to oscillate and gain energy.
When the current flowing through an inductor changes, creating a time-varying magnetic field inside the coil, a voltage is induced, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which by Lenz's law opposes the change in current that created it.
When transformed into Phoenix, Jean's powers escalate to an incalculable level, allowing her to rearrange or disintegrate matter at a subatomic level, fly unaided through space, survive in any atmosphere, and manipulate electromagnetic and cosmic energies for various effects and atmospheric disturbances.
When subjected to an electromagnetic field the paramagnetic particles change spacing, modifying their color and reflective properties.
When this happens due to the presence of the electromagnetic field from a photon, a photon is released in the same phase and direction as the " stimulating " photon, and is called stimulated emission.
When it was found in 1900 by Max Planck that the energy of waves could be described as consisting of small packets or " quanta ", Albert Einstein further developed this idea to show that an electromagnetic wave such as light could be described as a particle ( later called the photon ) with a discrete quantum of energy that was dependent on its frequency.
When the propagation speed of these electromagnetic waves was calculated, the speed of light fell out.
When passing through matter, a beta particle is decelerated by electromagnetic interactions and may give off bremsstrahlung x-rays.
When two traces run parallel, an electrical signal in one can be coupled into the other through electromagnetic induction by magnetic field lines from one linking the other ; this is called crosstalk.
When electromagnetic waves interact with matter, their propagation is altered.
" When Earth tries to reclaim the colony, the revolutionaries plan to use in defense a smaller duplicate of the electromagnetic catapult formerly used to export wheat.
When matter and antimatter come into contact, they annihilate — both matter and antimatter are converted directly and entirely into enormous quantities of energy, as electromagnetic radiation.
When the size of the observable universe becomes smaller than any particular structure, no interaction by any of the fundamental forces ( gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, or strong ) can occur between the most remote parts of the structure.
When the Race begins its attack on Earth, they detonate several atomic bombs just above the Earth's atmosphere hoping to disrupt human electronics with the resulting electromagnetic radiation.
When calculating the electromagnetic interactions of charged particles, it is tempting to ignore the back-reaction of a particle's own field on itself.
When electrons are accelerated, as occurs when an AC electrical field is impressed on an antenna, they will radiate electromagnetic waves.
When a current passed through the filament, the electromagnetic field would cause the string to move.
When Bell demonstrated his telephone at the Centennial Exhibition in June 1876, he used his improved electromagnetic transmitter, not Gray's water transmitter.
When X-rays are incident on an atom, they make the electronic cloud move as does any electromagnetic wave.
When PD occurs, electromagnetic waves propagate away from the discharge site in all directions.
* When operating in electromagnetic ( Telecoil ) mode, the ratings are from T1 ( worst ) to T4 ( best ).
When it came to deriving the electromagnetic wave equation from displacement current in his 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, he got around the problem of the non-zero divergence associated with Gauss's law and dielectric displacement by eliminating the Gauss term and deriving the wave equation exclusively for the solenoidal magnetic field vector.
When and radiation
When a continuum radiation source is used for AAS, it is necessary to use a high-resolution monochromator, as will be discussed later.
When a continuum radiation source is used for AAS measurement it is indispensable to work with a high-resolution monochromator.
When exposed to sunlight, artificial light, or infrared radiation ( even the heat of a hand nearby can be enough ), the vanes turn with no apparent motive power, the dark sides retreating from the radiation source and the light sides advancing.
When these crystals are exposed to radiation, the dysprosium atoms become excited and luminescent.
When EM radiation interacts with matter, its behavior changes qualitatively as its frequency changes.
When EM radiation at the frequences for which it is referred to as " radio waves " impinges upon a conductor, it couples to the conductor, travels along it, and induces an electric current on the surface of the conductor by moving the electrons of the conducting material in correlated bunches of charge.
When matter ( ordinary material particles ) is changed into energy ( such as energy of motion, or into radiation ), the mass of the system does not change through the transformation process.
When the first scientific satellites were launched in the first half of 1958 — Explorers 1 and 3 by the US, Sputnik 3 by the Soviet Union — they observed an intense ( and unexpected ) radiation belt around Earth, held by its magnetic field.
When lifeforms take such giant leaps, they meet little to no competition and are able to exploit a plethora of available niches, following a pattern of adaptive radiation.
* When an < sup > 235 </ sup > U atom captures a neutron, it is converted to an excited state of < sup > 236 </ sup > U. About 81 % of the excited < sup > 236 </ sup > U nuclei undergo fission, but the remainder decay to the ground state of < sup > 236 </ sup > U by emitting gamma radiation.
When a star has lost enough material, its temperature increases and the ultraviolet radiation it emits can ionize the surrounding nebula that it has thrown off.
When ionizing radiation strikes a semiconductor, it may excite an electron out of its energy level and consequently leave a hole.
When the direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat.
When ultraviolet radiation is not absorbed by the atmosphere or other protective coating, it can cause damage to the skin known as sunburn or trigger an adaptive change in human skin pigmentation.
When a population inversion () is present, therefore, optical amplification of incident radiation will take place.
When enough energy is deposited in a droplet by ionizing radiation the superheated droplet undergoes a phase transition and becomes a gas bubble.
When ground down to sizes less than 10 micrometres, the grains are removed from the inner solar system by solar radiation pressure.
When heat radiates from the surface of the earth, it is released as long-wave radiation, which can move freely through gases composed of diatomic molecules ( such as the atmosphere's oxygen and nitrogen ), but is readily absorbed by triatomic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.
When combined with measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation these implied a value of, a result which has been supported and refined by more recent measurements.
When the density and temperature are high enough, deuterium fusion begins, and the outward pressure of the resultant radiation slows ( but does not stop ) the collapse.
When the rear radiation is absorbed or trapped in a box, the diaphragm becomes a monopole radiator.
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