While some layer two network devices are able to divide the collision domains, broadcast domains are only divided by layer 3 network devices such as routers or layer 3 switches.

While cyberspace should not be confused with the Internet, the term is often used to refer to objects and identities that exist largely within the communication network itself, so that a Website, for example, might be metaphorically said to " exist in cyberspace.

While Freenet provides an HTTP interface for browsing freesites, it is not a proxy for the World Wide Web ; Freenet can only be used to access content that has been previously inserted into the Freenet network.

While users can insert data into the network, there is no way to delete data.

While Mike is usually portrayed as simply dumb ( for example, in A Man of His Convictions in series 2 he writes a letter to media commentator Stuart Littlemore full of basic spelling and grammatical errors ) he occasionally surprises his colleagues with his sneakiness: in Give ' em Enough Rope ( series 2 ) he traps the network owner into admitting to contravening the Broadcasting Act in a live interview, after first getting the owner to publicly commit to allowing him to ask difficult questions without threat to his job.

While the city is being developed, it is the scene of occasional deadly suicide bombings and explosions carried out by the Haqqani network, Taliban's Quetta Shura, Hezb-i Islami, al-Qaeda, and other anti-government elements who are allegedly supported and guided by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence ( ISI ) spy network.

While IntServ mechanisms do work, it was realized that in a broadband network typical of a larger service provider, Core routers would be required to accept, maintain, and tear down thousands or possibly tens of thousands of reservations.

While working at Baylor College of Medicine, Stan O. Barber developed remote rn ( rrn ), a set of patches to rn which allowed it to communicate with an NNTP server over a local-area ( or even wide-area ) network.

While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classified ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social networking spam, social spam, television advertising and file sharing network spam.

While authentication is based on the private key, the key itself is never transferred through the network during authentication.

While at G2S he became aware of massive backups of data being performed, clearly in anticipation of a major network outage.

While IP handles actual delivery of the data, TCP keeps track of the individual units of data transmission, called segments, that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the network.

While an " underground railroad " running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession, existed from the late 17th century until shortly after the American Revolution, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860.

While UMTS2100 is the most widely deployed UMTS band, some countries ' UMTS operators use the 850 MHz and / or 1900 MHz bands ( independently, meaning uplink and downlink are within the same band ), notably in the US by AT & T Mobility, New Zealand by Telecom New Zealand on the XT Mobile Network and in Australia by Telstra on the Next G network.

" While his opponents called his powerful network of supporters the " Tuskegee Machine ," Washington maintained control because of his ability to gain support of numerous groups including influential whites and the black business, educational and religious communities nationwide.

While her exact route is unknown, Tubman made use of the network known as the Underground Railroad.

While OSPF is natively built to route IP and is itself a Layer 3 protocol that runs on top of IP, IS-IS is natively an OSI network layer protocol ( it is at the same layer as CLNS ).

While the exact meaning of the term layer-4 switch is vendor-dependent, it almost always starts with a capability for network address translation, but then adds some type of load distribution based on TCP sessions.

While nearly any personal computer is capable of acting as a network server, a dedicated server will contain features making it more suitable for production environments.

While a flow can shrink in the vertical dimension without fracturing, it can't easily accommodate shrinking in the horizontal direction unless cracks form ; the extensive fracture network that develops results in the formation of columns.

While previous versions streamed media to UPnP compliant devices ( Digital Media Server role ) and could play media by fetching it from a network share ( Digital Media Player role ), Windows Media Player 12 can access media from the shared media libraries on the network or HomeGroup, stream media to DLNA 1. 5 compliant devices and allows itself ( once the remote control option is turned on ) to be remotely controlled by Digital Media Controller devices which stream media ( Digital Media Renderer role ).

While LOCAL_PREFERENCE is the first rule in the standard, once reach-ability of the NEXT_HOP is verified, Cisco and several other vendors first consider a decision factor called WEIGHT which is local to the router ( i. e. not transmitted by BGP ).

While subnetting may improve network performance in an organizational network, it increases routing complexity, since each locally connected subnet must be represented by a separate entry in the routing tables of each connected router.

While it is relatively easy to make using computer aided manufacture, a table saw or a wood router with a simple jig, some common problems include:

While white is the coolest summer shade, there are lots of pastel hues along with tintable fabrics that will blend with any wardrobe color.

While it is easy enough to ridicule Hawkins' pronouncement in Pleas Of The Crown from a metaphysical point of view, the concept of the `` oneness '' of a married couple may reflect an abiding belief that the communion between husband and wife is such that their actions are not always to be regarded by the criminal law as if there were no marriage.

While there are now allegations of the withholding of `` favorable evidence developed at the hearing '' and a denial of a `` full and fair hearing '', no such claim was made by petitioner at any stage of the administrative process.

While 2-year-olds are still gaining most of the attention at the track, green horses are starting to go a bit, and Jimmy Cruise has several that can really make it.

While individual sportsmen are aware of this situation, too many of our political, social, educational and even religious leaders too often forget it.

While some suppression and some denial are not only necessary but healthy, the worker's clinical knowledge must determine how these defenses are being used, what healthy shifts in defensive adaptation are indicated, and when efforts at bringing about change can be most effectively timed.

While there are many different possibilities for the timing of casework intervention, the experiments recently reported from a variety of traditional settings all point up the importance of an immediate response to the client's initial need for help.

While the interpretations that have been given are inferences only, they gain support from such comments as the following, which was made by one of the Kohnstamm-negative subjects who did not, on the first trial, perceive the tilt illusion.

While this influence is a complex matter, depending upon personality factors in the individual as well as upon his social-class experience, there probably are some general statements about social-class background and educational policy that can be made with a fair degree of truth.

While costs on this order are sometimes separately charged for in residential and commercial rates, in the form of a mere `` service charge '', they are more frequently wholly or partly covered by a minimum charge which entitles the consumer to a very small amount of gas or electricity with no further payment.

While ATP appears to be necessary for the occurrence of contraction, its presence and enzymatic hydrolysis of it by the muscle protein myosin are not the only criteria for contraction.

While there are still many bugs to be ironed out, the technique is fast developing.

While nowadays we recognize the fact that there are many causes for bleeding at the nose, not long ago a nosebleed was simply that, and treatment had little variation.

Many years later ( on August 3, 1915 ), Lucy Upton wrote Winslow's daughter soon to be graduated from Smith College: `` While I love botany which, after dabbling in for years, I studied according to the methods of that day exactly forty years ago in a summer school, it must be fascinating to take up zoology in the way you are doing.

While patent suits are still among the most complex and expensive forms of litigation, these rules have saved litigants uncounted sums of money.

While details are still to be worked out, Ratcliff said he expects to tell home folks in Dallas why he thinks Berry's proposed constitutional amendment should be rejected.

While availability of mortgage money has been a factor in encouraging apartment construction, the generally high level of prosperity in the past few years plus rising consumer income are among the factors that have encouraged builders to concentrate in the apartment-building field.

While it must be said that these same Protestants have built some new churches during this period, and that religious population shifts have emptied churches, a principal reason for this phenomenon of redundancy is that fewer Protestants are going to church.

While we are filling outer space with scientific successes, for many the `` inner '' space of their soul is an aching void.

While there is general agreement on these six families, there are some points of disagreement among linguists who study Afroasiatic.

While most alphabets have letters composed of lines ( linear writing ), there are also exceptions such as the alphabets used in Braille, fingerspelling, and Morse code.