The use of D. purpurea extract containing cardiac glycosides for the treatment of heart conditions was first described in the English-speaking medical literature by William Withering, in 1785, which is considered the beginning of modern therapeutics. It is used to increase cardiac contractility ( it is a positive inotrope ) and as an antiarrhythmic agent to control the heart rate, particularly in the irregular ( and often fast ) atrial fibrillation.

Despite this uncertainty, fourteen individuals have been identified as having verifiably attended Lunar Society meetings regularly over a long period during its most productive eras: these are Matthew Boulton, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Day, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Samuel Galton, Jr., James Keir, Joseph Priestley, William Small, Jonathan Stokes, James Watt, Josiah Wedgwood, John Whitehurst and William Withering.

William Withering – like Small a physician – was already an acquaintance of Darwin, Boulton and Wedgwood when he moved from Stafford to Birmingham and became a member of the Society in 1776.

The botanist and physician Jonathan Stokes, who had known William Withering as a child, moved to Stourbridge and started attending Lunar Society meetings from 1783.

Clinical pharmacology owes much of its foundation to the work of William Withering.

William Withering ( 17 March 1741 – 6 October 1799 ) was an English botanist, geologist, chemist, physician and the discoverer of digitalis.

Withering wrote two more editions of this work in 1787 and 1792, in collaboration with fellow Lunar Society member Jonathan Stokes, and after his death his son ( also William ) published four more.

The William Withering Chair in Medicine at the University of Birmingham Medical School is named after him, as is the medical school's annual William Withering Lecture.

* William Withering Junior ( 1822 ).

William Withering of Birmingham.

William Withering and the Foxglove.

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Some well-respected scientists such as William Astbury doubted that covalent bonds were strong enough to hold such long molecules together ; they feared that thermal agitations would shake such long molecules asunder.

* 1842 – William Robert Grove demonstrates the thermal dissociation of molecules into their constituent atoms, by showing that steam can be disassociated into oxygen and hydrogen, and the process reversed

* Burton process, a thermal cracking process invented by William M. Burton, used to produce diesel fuel

William Merriam Burton developed one of the earliest thermal cracking processes in 1912 which operated at and an absolute pressure of and was known as the Burton process.

The Burton process is a thermal cracking process invented by William Merriam Burton and Robert Humphrey.

In 1842, he and his brother William, who was similarly occupied with a geological survey in Virginia ( his reports were published in 1838 and 1841, and he wrote also on the connection between thermal springs and anticlinal axes and faults ), brought before the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists their conclusions on the physical structure of the Appalachian chain, and on the elevation of great mountain chains.

The Black Sea deluge theory ( published in 1997 by William Ryan and Walter Pitman from Columbia University ) contends that the Bosphorus was formed about 5600 BC when the rising waters of the Mediterranean / Sea of Marmara breached through to the Black Sea, which at the time ( according to the theory ) was a low-lying body of fresh water.

The soothing waters of the hotel's hot spring and the lively social life on Nevis attracted many famous Europeans, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Antigua-based Admiral Nelson, and Prince William Henry, Duke of Clarence, ( future William IV of the United Kingdom ), who attended balls and private parties at the Bath Hotel.

Jean-François de La Pérouse and William Robert Broughton were the first non-Russian European navigators known to have passed through these waters other than Maarten Gerritsz Vries.

In October 1792, Vancouver directed a young Lieutenant named William Broughton to lead a party of men in a long boat up the Columbia to explore its head waters.

Jetboats were originally designed by Sir William Hamilton ( who developed a waterjet in 1954 ) for operation in the fast-flowing and shallow rivers of New Zealand, specifically to overcome the problem of propellers striking rocks in such waters.

The healing properties of the spa waters had been known in Roman times and their rediscovery in 1784 by William Abbotts and Benjamin Satchwell, led to their commercialisation.

The Nine Years ' War was fought primarily on mainland Europe and its surrounding waters, but it also encompassed a theatre in Ireland and in Scotland, where William III and James II struggled for control of the British Isles, and a campaign ( King William's War ) between French and English settlers and their Indian allies in colonial North America.

William Hobson, then the Governor of New Zealand, considered the sandspit-protected area a better choice for a naval installation than the shallower Tamaki waters on the southern side of the harbour.

The primary elements of the U. S. force in Cuban waters were divided between two men: Rear Admiral William T. Sampson of the North Atlantic Squadron and Commodore Winfield Scott Schley and the " Flying Squadron ".

Soane called on William Thomas Beckford both in London and when he was taking the waters in Bath, Somerset in 1829.

In rough waters and under heavy enemy fire, Young and two other sailors, Landsman Frank S. Gile and Landsman William Williams, succeeded in passing in a small boat from their ship to the with a line wrapped on a hawser that would enable the Lehigh to be freed from her position.

He supplied some new species of crustacean to William Elford Leach at the British Museum, and recorded some species of fish for the first time in English waters, as well as discovering new species including Montagu's blenny and Montagu's snapper.

During World War I, he served on the Board of Devices and Plans connected with Submarines in Warfare, the Board of Standardization of Submarines, and the staff of Admiral William S. Sims, who commanded all U. S. naval forces in European waters.

In conversation with Jose Tovar, the piloto ( master ) of the Sutil, a Spanish vessel at anchor in the bay, Muir learned to his dismay of the presence in neighbouring waters of the, a British sloop-of-war under William Robert Broughton.

Early scientists tried to create effervescent waters with curative powers, including Robert Boyle, Friedrich Hoffmann, Jean Baptiste van Helmont, William Brownrigg, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, and David Macbride.

The decoration was awarded to those personnel who were assigned in the fleet of Rear Admiral William T. Sampson during the Spanish – American War and who engaged in combat operations in the waters of the West Indies and Cuba.

Determined to open up Korea to trade, the British trading firm Meadows and Co., based in Tientsin ( present day Tianjin ), China, sent the General Sherman ( named for William Tecumseh Sherman ) into Korean waters in an attempt to meet with Korean officials to begin negotiations for a trade treaty.

Later cartographers of the young United States such as Alexander von Humboldt in 1804, William Clark in 1814 and Zebulon Pike in his book from 1810 believed in the findings of the Spanish cartographers and connected different Californian rivers, that they themselves had seen, with waters in the Rocky Mountains.

Significant populations occur in pockets in the waters off the Pribilof and Shumagin Islands, Shelikof Strait, Prince William Sound and at least as far south as lower Chatham Strait in the south-east, where a regular commercial fishery occurs annually.

Three people, Castle Mill owner William Hutchison, dyer William Stillie and Isabella Miller, a young factory worker, were swept away when the bridge on which they were standing collapsed into the flood waters.

William the Conqueror is said to have " watered his horse " in the source waters near today's Spring Hotel.

The ship was built in 1607, and followed the construction of a smaller 80 ton ship, also by William Adams, which had been used for the charting of the waters around Japan.