Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought.

At least one work of fiction, the film Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, uses Gaia philosophy as a central point to the plot, and may arguably represent a fictional parallel to Sir James Lovelock in the character of Dr. Cid, who is met with skepticism from the scientific and social community when he promotes the idea of a " living Earth ".

Within the context of 20th century philosophy, the conflict over whether ahistorical and immanent methodologies were sufficient to understand meaning — that is to say, " what you see is what you get " positivism — or whether context, background and culture are important beyond the mere need to decode words, phrases and references.

Within the context of the philosophy of mind, externalism is the theory that the contents of at least some of one's mental states are dependent in part on their relationship to the external world or one's environment.

Within Hindu philosophy, there is a solid and ancient tradition of philosophical speculation on the nature of the universe, of God ( termed " Brahman " in some schools of Hindu thought ) and of the Atman ( soul ).

Within the context of traditional Chinese philosophy and religion, Tao is a metaphysical concept originating with Laozi that gave rise to a religion ( Wade – Giles, Tao Chiao ; Pinyin, Daojiao ) and philosophy ( Wade – Giles, Tao chia ; Pinyin, Daojia ) referred to in English with the single term Taoism.

Later he developed a kind of non-traditional Christian philosophy, described in his work The Kingdom of God is Within You which inspired Rainer Maria Rilke and Mohandas Gandhi, then a young lawyer, whose influence extended to Martin Luther King.

Within philosophy it played a crucial role in the development of existentialism, hermeneutics, deconstructionism, postmodernism, and continental philosophy in general.

Within philosophy of science, it is often framed as an answer to the question " how is the success of science to be explained?

Within Advaita Vedanta philosophy the Atman is the universal life-principle, the animator of all organisms.

Within psychology or philosophy, the concept of cognition is closely related to abstract concepts such as mind, intelligence.

Within the world of Torah and Talmudic scholarship, he is known for his works on Jewish philosophy and Jewish mysticism and his work Gur Aryeh al HaTorah, a supercommentary on Rashi's Torah commentary.

Within these twenty principles, based heavily on Bushido and Zen, lies the philosophy of Shotokan.

Within two years the city had absorbed the nearby commune of Ceresco, established in 1844 by the Wisconsin Phalanx, a group of settlers inspired by the utopian socialist philosophy of Charles Fourier.

Within the field of philosophy of education, James Page argues that virtue ethics can provide a rationale and foundation for peace education.

Within philosophy of science, it is often framed as an answer to the question " how is the success of science to be explained?

Kak's " philosophy of recursionism " is expounded in his books The Gods Within, The Architecture of Knowledge, and The Prajna Sutra.

Within its allegorical world of trees, the book has two main frames: that of the syncretic Stuart myth, which fuses elements of Greek, Roman and ancient British myth with hermetic neoplatonism, and that of a specific view of Galenic medicine, altered by an interest in neo-Stoical philosophy to be a radically unstable phenomenon.

Within Greek philosophy, Zeno's vision of a free community without government is opposed to the state-Utopia of Plato's Republic.

Within this philosophy, children are expected to learn to read and write in the same manner that they learn to talk.

Within philosophy, the suspension of judgment is typically associated with skepticism and positivism, but it is not limited to these areas.

Within the school itself, unorthodox course offerings included subjects as diverse as dream analysis and Eastern philosophy.

Within the Anglo-American tradition, the book is considered by many as being one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century, and it continues to influence contemporary philosophers, especially those studying mind and language.

Within the human mind or soul ( psyche ), reason was described by Plato as being the natural monarch which should rule over the other parts, such as spiritedness ( thumos ) and the emotions.

Within a short time he changed his mind and soon acquired two Rodin marbles, Orpheus and Cupid and Psyche, for his Chicago mansion, the first two of Rodin's works known to have been sold to an American collector.

Within opera, particular roles are written with specific kinds of tenor voices in mind, causing certain roles to be associated with certain kinds of voices.

* The sample in " Teethgrinder " (" He's losing his mind and he feels it going ") is taken from a 1960's information film by the US Navy warning of the dangers of LSD, a section of which was later included in a BBC documentary called The Beyond Within.

Within the early works, Urizen represents the chains of reason that are imposed on the mind.

Within a school setting, it is very important that a students ' specific needs as well as the situational context be kept in mind when selecting topics for integrated information literacy skills instruction The primary goal should be to provide frequent opportunities for students to learn and practice information problem solving.

Within an attenuated system of awareness, a mind might be aware of much more than is being contemplated in a focused extended consciousness.

Within the ruins beneath the city lies the Lifestone and its guardian, the dragon Ryath, whose mind contains the Oracle of Aal.

An analysis on the film given by authors Susan Linville and Kent Casper reads: “ suicidal states of mind may stem not from negative distortions of external reality, but from an accurate assessment of the way things are .” Within this story, once again, women ’ s feelings are investigated through the friendship between two females, Lina and Olga.

Within certain ranges, the apparent color can be controlled by the frequency of the flash, but it is an illusion generated in the mind of the observer and not a real color.

Within the doctrine, songs tend to be referred to as ' received ' from a spiritual source rather than written from the writers mind alone.

Within the larger social system are the structural and functional subsystems.

Within the realm of postcolonial discourse, cultural imperialism can be seen as the cultural legacy of colonialism, or forms of social action contributing to the continuation of Western hegemony.

Within the Yangban class, the Scholars ( Munban ) enjoyed a significant social advantage over the warrior ( Muban ) class, until the Muban Rebellion in 1170.

Within the Majlis al-Shura, there existed seven specialized committees dealing with ideological, financial, military and political, judicial, informational and social affairs.

Within the RSDLP, Lenin, Trotsky and Martov advocated various internationalist anti-war positions, while Plekhanov and other social democrats ( both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks ) supported the Russian government to some extent.

Within Chinese social or cultural discourse, there is not a common " Mandarin " identity based on language ; rather, there are strong regional identities centred on individual dialects because of the wide geographical distribution and cultural diversity of their speakers.

Within a few years, this previously obscure term featured regularly in the lexicon of the conservative social and political challenges against curriculum expansion and progressive teaching methods in US high schools and universities.

Within the framework of his science fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly addressed certain social themes: the importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress nonconformist thought.

Within the context of psychology, social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

Within sociobiology, a social behavior is first explained as a sociobiological hypothesis by finding an evolutionarily stable strategy that matches the observed behavior.

Within just a few years, Iraq was providing social services that were unprecedented among Middle Eastern countries.

Within this sandžak ( and eventual vilayet ) of Bosnia, the Ottomans introduced a number of key changes in the territory's socio-political administration ; including a new landholding system, a reorganization of administrative units, and a complex system of social differentiation by class and religious affiliation.

* The Ape-Man Within ( 1995 )-Explores how human evolution of aggression and competition affected our historical and social development.

Within the United States, social location affects the way women perceive menopause and its related biological effects.

Within the social model, the design of the deaf person's environment is viewed as the major disabling factor.

Within 4 years of Solon's departure, the old social rifts re-appeared, but with some new complications.

Within the context of social networks, many, including Metcalfe himself, have proposed modified models using ( n × log n ) proportionality rather than n < sup > 2 </ sup > proportionality.

Within this strategic orientation, focus is retained on the academic programme and, more specifically, on three axes of work, namely: Attitude and Behaviour, centred both on academic factors and on increasing the competitiveness of degree courses, in the constant pursuit of quality, excellence and merit ; Research for Chile which seeks in-depth commitment and involvement with the country aimed at achieving insertion, integration and participation between the Public-and Private Sectors, in which academic research and findings based upon truth, goodness and the beauty of human beings, society and nature aspire to contribute to the formation of social innovators of vision and realism ; and The Development of International Links which, through the differentiation of professors and students from a Latin American perspective, endeavours to work in foreign markets ( student and academic staff exchanges ).

Within the Soviet Union, emphasis was placed on economic and social rights such as access to health care, adequate nutrition, education at all levels, and guaranteed employment.

Within the movement for gay and lesbian rights, a debate between advocates of sexual liberation and of social integration was taking shape, with Andrew Sullivan publishing an essay " Here Comes the Groom " in The New Republic in August 1989 arguing for same-sex marriage: " A need to rebel has quietly ceded to a desire to belong ", he wrote.

Within scope of this Project many studies are being carried out from physical appearance of the villages to cultural and social development as well as from special courses to such activities increasing the income.

Within Muslim discourse we find constant reference to such concepts as Islamic government, Islamic economics, or Islamic social order.

Within American English, General American and accents approximating it are contrasted with Southern American English, several Northeastern accents, and other distinct regional accents and social group accents like African American Vernacular English.

Within the social sciences, however, the usage has become more generalized to all human groups that explicitly regard themselves and are regarded by others as culturally distinctive.