One simple approach would be to measure the distance between zero crossing points of the signal ( i. e. the Zero-crossing rate ).

Zero-crossing in a waveform representing voltage vs. time

Zero-crossing is a commonly used term in electronics, mathematics, sound and image processing.

in interstellar gas, concentrations as low as Af molecules per Af may be sufficient, as compared to the Af hydrogen atom's Af required for detection of the 21-cm line.

Whilst the uncertainty in the atomic mass computed by time-of-flight methods in atom probe is sufficiently small to allow for detection of individual isotopes within a material this uncertainty may still, in some cases, confound definitive identification of atomic species.

Because of this relationship, calcium isotopic measurements of urine or blood may be useful in the early detection of metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis.

While a group of bits malfunction may be resolved by error detection and correction mechanisms ( see above ), storage device malfunction requires different solutions.

While a group of bits malfunction may be resolved by error detection and correction mechanisms ( see above ), storage device malfunction requires different solutions.

For digital signals, signal processing may involve the compression, error detection and error correction of digitally sampled signals.

Features in the disks may suggest the presence of planets, though this is not considered a definitive detection method.

Therefore, the careful searching of radio emissions from space for non-natural signals may lead to the detection of alien civilizations.

Sometimes, detection is made by heuristics ; for example, a compression application may consider files whose names end in ". zip ", ". arj " or ". lha " uncompressible without any more sophisticated detection.

In addition to the detection of abnormal BMD, the diagnosis of osteoporosis requires investigations into potentially modifiable underlying causes ; this may be done with blood tests.

External overall positive feedback may be applied but ( unlike internal positive feedback that may be applied within the latter stages of a purpose-designed comparator ) this markedly affects the accuracy of the zero-crossing detection point.

This fluorescence may have an active role in scorpion light detection.

False detection may result in patients being warned of birth defects when no such defect exists.

A polynomial that admits other factorizations may be chosen then so as to balance the maximal total blocklength with a desired error detection power.

Nevertheless, publications appearing in professional literature since then indicate that the detection of prohibited substances at the 2002 Olympics may have been false as a result of less-than-perfect detection methodology, and the Olympic champions could therefore wrongly suffer IOC sanctions.

The study indicates that an object's contrast against the background, rather than colour, may be more important for object detection.

The cowbird ’ s parasitism does not necessarily harm its host ’ s brood ; however, the cuckoo may remove one or more host eggs to avoid detection, and furthermore the young cuckoo may heave the host ’ s eggs and nestlings out of the nest.

Smoke testing may not be done after rain or when ground water is unusually high as this may also prevent detection of defects.

This may also allow a subsystem to be automatically shut down and restarted on fault detection.

Astrometry has also been used to support claims of extrasolar planet detection by measuring the displacement the proposed planets cause in their parent star's apparent position on the sky, due to their mutual orbit around the center of mass of the system.

Modern weather systems also include wind shear and turbulence detection and terrain and traffic warning systems.

There are also mortar carrier vehicles, many of which allow the mortar to be removed from the vehicle and be used dismounted, potentially in terrain in which the vehicle cannot navigate, or in order to avoid detection.

* J. R. Isidore: A lowly employee of a vet's office, Isidore also works as an underground replicant sympathizer, having made modifications to replicants in order to help them escape detection.

Dark energy is also an area of intense interest for scientists, but it is not clear whether direct detection of dark energy will be possible.

This was partly due to a romanticization of the organisation in the post-Stalin period, and also because they provided a useful action / detection template.

The elimination of the collision domain for these connections also means that all the link's bandwidth can be used by the two devices on that segment and that segment length is not limited by the need for correct collision detection.

Modern systems with a higher time resolution ( roughly 3 nanoseconds ) also use a technique ( called " Time-of-flight ") where they more precisely decide the difference in time between the detection of the two photons and can thus localize the point of origin of the annihilation event between the two detectors to within 10 cm.

Python also uses reference counting and offers cycle detection as well.

Squirrel also uses reference counting and offers cycle detection as well.

It also allows for the fixation of the target-probe hybrids, required for analysis by autoradiography or other detection methods.

* According to RadiologyInfo, ultrasounds are useful in the detection of pelvic abnormalities and can involve techniques known as abdominal ( transabdominal ) ultrasound, vaginal ( transvaginal or endovaginal ) ultrasound in women, and also rectal ( transrectal ) ultrasound in men.

Monoclonal antibodies, specific to the virus, are also used for detection, as in fluorescence microscopy.

Thus, even with the multiple experiments dedicated to providing indirect evidence for the existence of cold dark matter, direct detection measurements are also necessary to solidify the theory of WIMPs.

However he also mentioned in the same report: " Meanwhile attention is being turned to the still difficult, but less unpromising, problem of radio detection and numerical considerations on the method of detection by reflected radio waves will be submitted when required.

It is also preferred for the line code to have a structure that will enable error detection.

When these are absent, however, optical detection is said to be " photon noise limited " as only the shot noise ( also known as " quantum noise " or " photon noise " in this context ) remains.

The passband modulation and corresponding demodulation ( also known as detection ) is carried out by modem equipment.

The principles of data transmission is also utilized in storage media for Error detection and correction since 1951.

The use of SQUIDs in oil prospecting, mineral exploration, earthquake prediction and geothermal energy surveying is becoming more widespread as superconductor technology develops ; they are also used as precision movement sensors in a variety of scientific applications, such as the detection of gravitational waves.

Newer technologies using fluorescent and antibody detection are also under development.