Since “ a cappella ” singing brought a new polyphony with instrumental accompaniment, it is not surprising that Protestant reformers who opposed the instruments ( such as Calvin and Zwingli ) also opposed the polyphony.

The extent of Lollardy in the general populace at this time is also unknown, but the prevalence of Protestant iconoclasm in England suggests Lollard ideas may still have had some popular influence if Zwingli was not the source, as Lutherans did not advocate iconoclasm.

Puritans adopted a Reformed theology and in that sense were Calvinists ( as many of their earlier opponents were, too ), but also took note of radical views critical of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva.

As its title indicates, it was directed primarily against Melanchthon's Loci Communes, although it also concerned itself to some extent with the teachings of Huldrych Zwingli.

Aikin also was responsible for translating the French texts: Louis Francois Jauffret ’ s The Travels of Rolando ( publication appears to be around 1804 ), and Jean Gaspard Hess ’ s The Life of Ulrich Zwingli ( 1812 ), a life of the leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.

The branch of the Reformation movement represented by Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin also contributed an emphasis on " restoring biblical forms and patterns.

The official Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox doctrine is that Mary was a perpetual virgin ; this view was also held by many of the early Protestants, including Luther and Zwingli, as well as John Wesley, the 18th century Methodist leader.

" Like Zwingli, the English reformers also supported the concept of perpetual virginity, but often varied on their reasons for the support.

He also published Zwingli ’ s New Testament exegeses lectures in 1539, Proverba Solomonis ( The Proverbs of Solomon ), and the Biblia Sacrosancta, published posthumously in 1543.

It is also assumed that Jud played a role in converting the printer Christoph Froschauer, who was critical in distributing Zwingli ’ s works in Germany.

Under the lead of Huldrych Zwingli, the Protestant canton and city of Zürich had concluded with other Protestant cantons a defence alliance, the Christliches Burgrecht, which also included the cities of Konstanz and Strasbourg.

Support also came from the King of Denmark, the Prince Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Württemberg, the Duke of Bipont, and many continental leaders of the reformed movement: Heinrich Bullinger, Konrad Pelikan, Bibliander, Josias Simmler, Wolphius, Ludwig Lavater, and Zwingli.

He also entered into a controversy with Zwingli.

Notably, Dürer had contacts with various reformers, such as Zwingli, Andreas Karlstadt, Melanchthon, Erasmus and Cornelius Grapheus from whom Dürer received Luther's ' Babylonian Captivity ' in 1520.

Along with Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Huldrych Zwingli, Calvin influenced the doctrines of the Reformed churches.

In return, Pope Julius II honoured Zwingli by providing him with an annual pension.

When Sanson arrived at the gates of Zurich at the end of January 1519, parishioners prompted Zwingli with questions.

In the following year, Joachim Westphal, a Gnesio-Lutheran pastor in Hamburg, condemned Calvin and Zwingli as heretics in denying the eucharistic doctrine of the union of Christ's body with the elements.

* 1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.

Cranmer ’ s first contact with a Continental reformer was with Simon Grynaeus, a humanist based in Basel, Switzerland and a follower of the Swiss reformers, Huldrych Zwingli and Johannes Oecolampadius.

At a religious conference with the Zwinglians in 1529, Melanchthon joined with Luther in opposing a union with Zwingli.

Similarly, Zwingli would further repudiate ritualism, and break with the increasingly conservative Luther.

Melanchthon's relation to Luther was not disturbed by his work as a mediator, although Luther for a time suspected that Melanchthon was " almost of the opinion of Zwingli "; nevertheless he desired to " share his heart with him.

The 17th century saw a period of strict Lutheran orthodoxy in Denmark, with harsh punishments visited on suspected followers of either Calvinism or Huldrych Zwingli.

Bucer did not hesitate to disagree with Zwingli on occasion, although unity between Strasbourg and the Swiss churches took priority over such differences.

In Zurich on 12 October, he presented the articles to Zwingli, who neither opposed him nor agreed with him.

By this time, Bucer's relationship with Zwingli was deteriorating.

Strasbourg's political ties with the Elector of Saxony, and Bucer's partial theological support of Luther, became too much for Zwingli, and on 21 February 1531, he wrote to Bucer ending their friendship.

He contacted Zwingli with his thoughts in September 1524.

During his negotiations with the civic leaders of Zurich, Bullinger refused to accept their terms-they had offered him the position with the condition that he shouldn't criticize government policy ( they still blamed Zwingli for the disastrous defeat at Kappel ).

Bullinger arrived with his wife and two little children in Zurich, where he already on the Sunday after his arrival stood in Zwingli's pulpit in the Grossmünster and, according to a contemporary description, " thundered a sermon from the pulpit that many thought Zwingli was not dead but resurrected like the phoenix ".

Some followers of Zwingli believed that the Reformation was too conservative, and moved independently toward more radical positions, some of which survive among modern day Anabaptists.

Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers ; the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest ; and the followers of Huldrych Zwingli were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

By 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers, the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest, or those followers of Huldrych Zwingli, were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin preserved infant baptism against the attacks of more radical reformers including Anabaptists, and with it, sponsors at baptism.

His ideas appear to be a middle ground between the ways of the Reformation of Martin Luther, John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli, and the Radical Reformation of the Anabaptists.

Important figures include Luther, Melanchthon, Bucer, Zwingli, Calvin, and the Anabaptists.

On January 17, 1525, Jud participated in a dispute alongside Zwingli and other reformers against the Anabaptists.

The purchase of a manuscript collection in 1803 laid the foundation for what would become the Cantonal Library, which contains a Bible annotated by Huldrych Zwingli.

Zwingli formed an alliance of Reformed cantons which divided the Confederation along religious lines.

Zwingli continued his studies in Vienna until 1502, after which he transferred to the University of Basel where he received the Master of Arts degree ( Magister ) in 1506.

Zwingli stayed in Einsiedeln for two years during which he withdrew completely from politics in favour of ecclesiastical activities and personal studies.

Luther and Zwingli agreed on 13 of the 14 topics discussed, but Zwingli did not accept the doctrine of the real presence, on which Luther would not compromise.

In January 1528 Oecolampadius and Zwingli took part in the disputation at Bern which led to the adoption of the new faith in that canton, and in the following year to the discontinuance of the Mass at Basel.

In 1524-25 the Landammann Beroldingen of Josue asked the cantonal scribe Valentin Compar to write a polemic against the reformer Huldrych Zwingli, which was read to the cantonal congress and approved.

Against the long-standing tradition of the Church in the East as well as in the West, which excluded marriage after ordination, Zwingli married in 1522, Luther in 1525, and Calvin in 1539.

The changes brought on by the Renaissance eventually led to the Protestant Reformation during which the Protestant Lutheran and the Reformed followers of Calvin, Hus, Zwingli, Melancthon, Knox, and others split from the Roman Catholic Church.

Within the discussion, Hubmaier proceeded to quote statements by Zwingli in which he asserted that children should not be baptized until they had been instructed.

The prominent position in Switzerland which the abbey occupied for so many centuries was seriously threatened by the religious and political disturbances of the Reformation period, especially by the rapid spread of the teachings of Zwingli, and for a time its privileges suffered some curtailment.

After the morning Bible lectures from Konrad Pellikan and Huldrych Zwingli, Jud would preach a sermon in German that afternoon which represented a synthesizing of the morning lectures.

In 1531 Jud helped Zwingli produce the first Zurich Bible, which represented the efforts of the Prophezei.

Jud exemplified the heavy interiority of spiritualism that was so present in Zwingli ’ s theology, which was a hallmark of the majority of the Swiss movements.

Notable works include portraits of Huldrych Zwingli and Zwingli's daughter Regula Gwalter, which came into the ownership of the public library of Zurich.

The Marburg Colloquy was a meeting at Marburg Castle, Marburg, Hesse, Germany which attempted to solve a dispute between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli over the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper.

* Marburg Colloquy, a meeting at Marburg Castle, Marburg, Hesse, Germany which attempted to solve a dispute between Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli over the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper

Fröhlich is best known for his two heroic poems, Ulrich Zwingli and Ulrich von Hutten, and especially for his fables, which have been ranked with those of Hagedorn, Lessing and Gellert.