de: William Henry Perkin

Ferdinand was especially aware that Tudor rule was threatened by various pretenders, most notably Perkin Warbeck, and sent Pedro de Ayala as ambassador in Scotland, where Warbeck had found support.

The term " pretender " applies not only to claimants with arguably genuine rights to the throne ( as the various pretenders of the Wars of the Roses ) who regarded the de facto monarch as a usurper, but also to impostors with wholly fabricated claims ( as pretenders to Henry VII's throne Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck ).

According to the confession, Warbeck was born to a man called John Osbeck ( also known as Jehan de Werbecque ).

He saw Roderic de Lalanne, a Flemish knight arrive with two little ships and 60 German soldiers and meet James IV and talk to Warbeck.

Then, in the Autumn of 1497, Perkin Warbeck tried to usurp the throne from Henry VII.

A more serious menace was Perkin Warbeck, a Flemish youth who posed as Edward IV's son Richard.

* 1499 – Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.

He only went to war twice, once in 1489 during the Breton crisis and the invasion of Brittany, and in 1496 – 1497 in revenge for Scottish support of Perkin Warbeck and for their invasion of Northern England.

* November 3 – Peace of Etaples signed between England and France, ending French support for the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.

* England imposes sanctions on Burgundy for supporting Perkin Warbeck.

* November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.

* November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, Flemish imposter ( b. c. 1474 ) ( executed )

* September 7 – Second Cornish Uprising in England: Perkin Warbeck lands near Land's End ; on September 10 he is proclaimed as King in Bodmin.

* September 21 – 25 – James IV of Scotland invades Northumberland in support of the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.

* May – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, recognises Perkin Warbeck as rightful King of England.

* November – Perkin Warbeck begins a campaign to take the English throne with a landing in Ireland.

* Perkin Warbeck claims to be the son of King Edward IV of England at the court of Burgundy.

** Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England ( d. 1499 )

Perkin Warbeck ( circa 1474 – 23 November 1499 ) was a pretender to the English throne during the reign of King Henry VII of England.

Miners set to work to demolish the tower of Hetoune ( Castle Heaton ) on 24 September, but the army quickly retreated when resources were expended, and hoped-for support for Perkin Warbeck in Northumberland failed to materialise.

Later, wishing to be rid of Warbeck, James IV provided a ship called the Cuckoo and a hired crew under a Breton captain which returned Perkin to Waterford in shame in July 1497.

Warbeck's story subsequently attracted writers — most notably by the dramatist John Ford, who dramatized the story in his play Perkin Warbeck, first performed in the 1630s.

* Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, best known as the author of Frankenstein, wrote a romance on the subject of Warbeck, the The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck, published in London in 1830.

The play tracks the progress of Perkin Warbeck from the Scottish court towards London to claim his birthright as heir to the throne.

" History of the life and reign of Richard the Third: to which is added the story of Perkin Warbeck.

" The chronicle history of Perkin Warbeck: a strange truth ".

* middle-ages. org. uk page on Perkin Warbeck