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* 2002 – Ivan Illich, Austrian priest and philosopher ( b. 1926 )

In his paper Hospitality and Pain, Christian theologian Ivan Illich states: " Compassion with Christ ... is faith so strong and so deeply incarnate that it leads to the individual embodiment of the contemplated pain.

Ivan Illich, the historian and social critic, can be read as an apophatic theologian, according to a longtime collaborator, Lee Hoinacki, in a paper presented in memory of Illich, called " Why Philia?

Colin Ward in his main theorectical publication Anarchy in Action ( 1973 ) in a chapter called " Schools No Longer " " discusses the genealogy of education and schooling, in particular examining the writings of Everett Reimer and Ivan Illich, and the beliefs of anarchist educator Paul Goodman.

He draws the same distinction as Ivan Illich, between tools that stay under the control of the user, and technological systems that draw the user into their control.

* Ivan Illich

* Ivan Illich

* Ivan Illich: Tools for Conviviality ( 1973 )

He soon encountered books by other authors questioning the premises and efficacy of compulsory schooling, including Deschooling Society by Ivan Illich ( 1970 ) and No More Public School by Harold Bennet ( 1972 ).

Also during this year, Ivan Illich described computer-based " learning webs " in his book Deschooling Society.

Ivan Illich (; Vienna, 4 September 1926 – Bremen, 2 December 2002 ) was an Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and " maverick social critic " of the institutions of contemporary western culture and their effects on the provenance and practice of education, medicine, work, energy use, transportation, and economic development.

Illich was born in Vienna to a Croatian, Catholic father — engineer Ivan Peter Illich and Sephardic Jewish mother — Ellen née Regenstreif-Ortlieb.

The book that brought Ivan Illich to public attention was Deschooling Society ( 1971 ), a radical critical discourse on education as practised in " modern " economies.

: The main notion of Ivan Illich is the concept of counterproductivity: when institutions of modern industrial society impede their purported aims.

For example, Ivan Illich calculated that, in America in the 1970s, if you add the time spent to work to earn the money to buy a car, the time spent in the car ( including traffic jam ), the time spent in the health care industry because of a car crash, the time spent in the oil industry to fuel cars ... etc., and you divide the number of kilometres traveled per year by that, you obtain the following calculation: 10000 km per year per person divided by 1600 hours per year per American equals 6 km per hour.

* Ivan Illich Archives

* Ivan Illich with Jerry Brown, KPFA-March 22, 1996

* American Educational Research Association Ivan Illich Special Interest Group website

*" Remembering Ivan Illich " Whole Earth Magazine, Spring 2003

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