As methodology, ethnography is based upon long-term fieldwork within a community or other research site.

is an analytical methodology to combine statistical moments from individual segments of a time-history such that the resulting overall moments are those of the complete time-history.

His primary interest was in applying the methodology of science to realms of inner experience and the spiritual worlds ( Steiner's appreciation that the essence of science is its method of inquiry is unusual among esotericists ), and Steiner called anthroposophy Geisteswissenschaft ( lit.

Carlo Willmann points out that as, on its own terms, anthroposophical methodology offers no possibility of being falsified except through its own procedures of spiritual investigation, no intersubjective validation is possible by conventional scientific methods ; it thus cannot stand up to positivistic science's criticism.

Aveni states that one of the strengths of the Brown methodology is that it can explore astronomies invisible to statistical analysis and offers the astronomy of the Incas as another example.

It is an object modeling language and methodology that was widely used in object-oriented analysis and design.

The classic interpretation of blitzkrieg is that of German tactical and operational methodology in the first half of the Second World War that was often hailed as a new method of warfare.

Another misconception, enhanced by Guderian's own account, that he was the sole creator of German tactical and operational methodology is also misleading.

It is a key concept of the so-called Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation ( GLUE ) methodology to quantify how uncertain environmental predictions are.

This methodology is used to study a variety of cognitive processes, most notably visual perception and language processing.

Today he is appreciated largely for his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, scientific methodology, and semiotics, and for his founding of pragmatism.

In a business context, complexity management is the methodology to minimize value-destroying complexity and efficiently control value-adding complexity in a cross-functional approach.

The design methodology to produce such secure systems is precise, deterministic and logical.

If only partial consilience is observed, this allows for the detection of errors in methodology ; any weaknesses in one technique can be compensated for by the strengths of the others.

Though it is important to note that in Kimball methodology, the bottom-up process is the result of an initial business-oriented Top-down analysis of the relevant business processes to be modelled.

The main disadvantage to the top-down methodology is that it represents a very large project with a very broad scope.

The up-front cost for implementing a data warehouse using the top-down methodology is significant, and the duration of time from the start of project to the point that end users experience initial benefits can be substantial.

Computer simulation of multicellular development is a research methodology to understand the function of the very complex processes involved in the development of organisms.

* REMORA methodology is an event-driven approach for designing information systems, developed by Colette Rolland.

The published research resulted in a Technical Performance Management ( TPM ) methodology and software application that is still used by many DoD agencies in informing EVM estimates with technical achievement.

The method is important in microbiology for fast but crude morphological identification, but can also be used as the basis for high resolution 3D reconstruction using EM tomography methodology when carbon films are used for support.

All thought experiments, however, employ a methodology that is a priori, rather than empirical, in that they do not proceed by observation or physical experiment.

It is the first object-oriented design methodology to employ use cases to drive software design.

Many Learning Sciences researchers employ design-based research methodology.

By including design-based research within its methodological toolkit, learning sciences qualifies as a " design science ", with characteristics in common with other design sciences that employ Design Science ( methodology ) such as engineering and computer science.

Alderson first described these as the traditional-clinical model ; the school change model whose major focus was the dysfunctional conditions of the school ; the community school model which urged school social workers to employ community organization methods ; and the social interaction model which de-emphasized a specific methodology and required the worker to intervene with the systems interacting with the target system.

Many types of engineering employ reliability engineers and use the tools and methodology of reliability engineering.

Some researchers in this tradition employ a methodology involving the construction of computational models that learn aspects of language and / or that simulate the type of linguistic output produced by children, such as the statistical learning theories suggested by Saffran, such as connectionist models and chunking theories.

It is usually fair to say that folk crafts employ a method but not an art methodology, since that would involve rigorous questioning and criticising of the tradition.

The scientific knowledge, or domain C, is created by the application of a consistent methodology of analysis of our reality, B.

Applied mathematicians are mathematical scientists who, with their specialized knowledge and professional methodology, approach many of the imposing problems presented in related scientific fields.

While the standards for determining whether a body of knowledge, methodology, or practice is scientific can vary from field to field, a number of basic principles are widely agreed upon by scientists.

Post-structuralists, in contrast to Structuralists, tend to place a great deal of skepticism on the independence of theoretical premises from collective bias and the influence of power, and reject the notion of a " pure " or " scientific " methodology in social analysis, semiotics or philosophical speculation.

Olav Hammer critiques as scientism Steiner's claim to use a scientific methodology to investigate spiritual phenomena based upon his claims of clairvoyant experience.

The interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary nature of scientific inquiry into human behavior, social and environmental factors affecting it, made many of the natural sciences interested in some aspects of social science methodology.

In Skeptical Inquirer, Mark Moldwin argued that the important differences between the two projects were the acceptance of SETI by the mainstream scientific community and that " he methodology of SETI leads to useful scientific results even in the absence of discovery of alien life.

During the scientific revolution, changing perceptions about the role of the scientist in respect to nature, the value of evidence, experimental or observed, led towards a scientific methodology in which empiricism played a large, but not absolute, role.

One Arab scholar, Ibn Khaldun ( 1332-1409 ) broke with traditionalism and offered a model of historical change in Muqaddimah, an exposition of the methodology of scientific history.

Within the frames of a dynamic methodology called the scientific method, scientists set up experiments, normally with the end of determining causality in the physical world.

This project generated harsh criticism and accusations of pseudo-science from historians, archaeologists and linguists in Norway, who accused Heyerdahl of selective use of sources, and a basic lack of scientific methodology in his work.

His methodology was influenced by Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, a supporter of the scientific method.

The term " natural science " is used to distinguish the subject matter from the social sciences, which apply the scientific method to study human behavior and social patterns ; the humanities, which use a critical or analytical approach to study the human condition ; and the formal sciences such as mathematics and logic, which use an a priori, as opposed to factual methodology to study formal systems.

In late medieval and early modern times, a philosophical interpretation of nature was gradually replaced by a scientific approach using inductive methodology.

While the origins of the study of celestial features and phenomenon can be traced back to antiquity, the scientific methodology of this field began to develop in the middle of the 17th century.

Paracelsus is credited as the first to make mention of an unconscious aspect of cognition in his work Von den Krankheiten ( translates as " About illnesses ", 1567 ), and his clinical methodology created a cogent system that is regarded by some as the beginning of modern scientific psychology.

Most marked among these is the extent of studies undertaken by amateurs working within the parameters of strict scientific methodology.

Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes.

The team members ’ professional qualifications and parallel interests were also criticised, as were the methodology used and the incomplete selection and use of existing scientific literature on the coca leaf.