Most countries in this second category share the difficulty of having many of the structures of a modern political and social system without the modern standards of performance required to make them effective.

The old Morse system was replaced locally by the Simplex modern automatic method in 1929, when Ellamae Heckman ( Wilcox ) was manager of the Western Union office.

The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere.

Where the Roman model ( like most modern Japanese ) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system.

His system included modifying the way we consider the world, e. g., with an attitude of " I don't know ; let's see ," to better discover or reflect its realities as revealed by modern science.

Asparagales is the name of an order of plants, used in modern classification systems such as the APG III system ( which is used throughout this article ).

Van Vogt was always interested in the idea of all-encompassing systems of knowledge ( akin to modern meta-systems ) -- the characters in his very first story used a system called ' Nexialism ' to analyze the alien's behaviour, and he became interested in the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski.

Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy.

The Bridgewater Foundry, pictured in 1839-one of the earliest factories to use an almost modern layout, work flow and material handling system.

Some wanted the modern liberal constitutional system, some wanted the continuance of the Ancien Régime, some wanted independence.

In order to overcome this weakness, modern aircraft use a terrain awareness warning system ( TAWS ).

The initial concept was known as AppleBus, envisioning a system controlled by the host Macintosh polling " dumb " devices in a fashion similar to the modern Universal Serial Bus.

* 1942 – Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.

At a schematic level, that basic worm-shape continues to be reflected in the body and nervous system architecture of all modern bilaterians, including vertebrates.

In 1714, when he was appointed rector of the university, he succeeded Govert Bidloo in the chair of practical medicine, and in this capacity he introduced the modern system of clinical instruction.

On that Mississippi riverine system today, including that of other sheltered waterways, industrial barge trafficking in bulk raw materials such as coal, coke, timber, iron ore and other minerals is extremely common in the developed world using huge cargo barges that connect in groups and trains-of-barges in ways which allow cargo volumes and weights which would astonish pioneers of modern barge systems and methods in the Victorian era.

The five-kingdom system has largely been superseded by modern alternative classification systems.

Intentionally going down in modern boxing will cause the recovering fighter to lose points in the scoring system.

In a speech delivered at the nearby Masonic temple, Bush compared the RODS system to a modern " DEW " line ( referring to the Cold War ballistic missile early warning system ).

The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.

Under his command, a modern update of the doctrinal system called Bewegungskrieg (" maneuver warfare ") and its associated leadership system called Auftragstaktik (" mission tactics "; i. e., units are assigned missions ; local commanders decide how to achieve those missions ) was developed, which was a critical advantage and a major reason for the success of blitzkrieg.

BeOS was built for digital media work and was written to take advantage of modern hardware facilities such as symmetric multiprocessing by utilizing modular I / O bandwidth, pervasive multithreading, preemptive multitasking and a 64-bit journaling file system known as BFS.

ET, in turn, can now be seen ( in light of modern results ) as close to the average mean solar time between 1750 and 1890 ( centered on 1820 ), because that was the period during which the observations on which Newcomb's tables were based were performed.

The earliest material culture associated with the Goths on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea is the Wielbark Culture, centered around the modern region of Pomerania in northern Poland.

The Ghana Empire, dominated by the Soninke people and centered in the area along the border of the modern states of Mali and Mauritania.

The modern city of Mazar-i Sharif is centered around the Shrine of Hazrat Ali.

The sound of rock is traditionally centered around the electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s with the popularization of rock and roll.

Nobatia in the north, had its capital at Faras, in what is now Egypt ; the central kingdom, Muqurra, was centered at Dunqulah, the old city on the Nile about 150 kilometers south of modern Dunqulah ; and Alwa, in the heartland of old Meroe in the south, had its capital at Sawba.

) In modern mathematics, this formula can be derived using integral calculus, i. e. disk integration to sum the volumes of an infinite number of circular disks of infinitesimally small thickness stacked centered side by side along the x axis from where the disk has radius r ( i. e. ) to where the disk has radius 0 ( i. e. ).

* The Kingdom of Aksum, centered in modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea, is founded ( approximate date ).

He is the founder and first ruler of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization centered at Copán ( modern Honduras ).

The Iroquois ( Haudenosaunee ) were centered from at least 1000 CE in northern New York, but their influence extended into what is now southern Ontario and the Montreal area of modern Quebec.

Much of Galveston's modern economy is centered in the tourism, health care, shipping, and financial industries.

In politics, Susa was the capital of a state called Šušan, which occupied approximately the same territory of modern Khūzestān Province centered on the Karun River.

The main principles in modern bunker design are largely centered around survivability in nuclear war.

The early settlement was centered on the steep-sided bluff now known as Van Castle ( Van Kalesi ), close to the edge of Lake Van and a few kilometers west of the modern city.

The principality was centered in the area of modern Carinthia, and included territories of modern Styria, most of today's East Tyrol and of the Puster Valley, the Lungau and Ennspongau regions of Salzburg, and parts of southern Upper Austria and Lower Austria.

In the mid-16th century, Spanish expeditions led by Hernando de Soto ( 1540 ) and Juan Pardo ( 1567 ) passed through what is now Sevier County, reporting that the region was part of the domain of Chiaha, a minor Muskogean chiefdom centered around a village located on a now-submerged island just upsteam from modern Douglas Dam.

The Nolichucky settlement aligned itself with the Watauga settlement, centered in modern Elizabethton.

The village is centered on the former site of the mill on the east bank of the Quinebaug River, near where modern Route 205 crosses the river.

The original Mountain City was centered near the modern community of the same name, but stretched from the Blanco River around present-day Kyle all the way to Manchaca Springs northeast of present-day Buda.

Created by Mark Rein · Hagen, it was the first of White Wolf Publishing's World of Darkness role-playing games, based on the Storyteller System and centered around vampires in a modern gothic-punk world.

Thereafter, it began a gradual decline under pressure from Đại Việt, the Vietnamese polity centered in the region of modern Hanoi.

The modern day Russian Geopolitcs is centered on Eurasianist tradition and is highly interlinked with politics.

Prior to the 13th century, Tai kingdoms had existed on the northern highlands including the Ngoenyang ( centered on Chiang Saen ; predecessor of Lanna ) kingdom and the Heokam ( centered on Chiang Hung, modern Jinghong in China ) kingdom of Tai Lue people.