To operate the crowning armillary sphere, this clocktower featured an escapement mechanism and the world's oldest known use of an endless power-transmitting chain drive.

* 1094 – The Chinese mechanical engineer and astronomer Su Song incorporates an escapement mechanism and the world's first known chain drive to operate the armillary sphere, the astronomical clock, and the striking clock jacks of his clock tower in Kaifeng.

It features an escapement mechanism and the world's oldest known endless power-transmitting chain drive to operate the armillary sphere, opening doors, and mechanical-driven manikins that would rotate in shifts to announce the time on plaques.

The second chapter, " Method ", explores what Foucault means by " Power ", explaining that he does not mean power as the domination or subjugation exerted on society by the government or the state, but instead remarks that power should be understood " as the multiplicity of force relations immanent in the sphere in which they operate ".

This resulted in limiting access to the public sphere and the political control of the public sphere was inevitable for the modern capitalistic forces to operate and thrive in the competitive economy.

The most accurate relative gravimeters are superconducting gravimeters, which operate by suspending a liquid helium cooled diamagnetic superconducting niobium sphere in an extremely stable magnetic field ; the current required to generate the magnetic field that suspends the niobium sphere is proportional to the strength of the Earth's gravitational field.

We value and seek to operate in the public sphere.

In explaining the potential of cultural projects in the public sphere, the artist writes: “ I try to understand what is happening in the city, how the city can operate as a communicative environment … It is important to understand the circumstances under which communication is reduced or destroyed, and under what possible new conditions it can be provoked to reappear.

: When we pass from the inorganic to the organic we come upon a new set of laws-but the reason why the lower set do not seem to operate in the higher sphere is not that they are annhilated, but that they are overruled.

The first continuous power-transmitting chain drive was depicted in the written horological treatise of the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ) Chinese engineer Su Song ( 1020-1101 AD ), who used it to operate the armillary sphere of his astronomical clock tower as well as the clock jack figurines presenting the time of day by mechanically banging gongs and drums.

The escapement mechanism of Su's clock tower had previously been invented by Buddhist monk Yi Xing and government official Liang Lingzan in 725 AD to operate a water-powered armillary sphere, although Su's armillary sphere was the first to be provided with a mechanical clock drive.

An endless roller chain and sprocket, used in Su Song's clock tower to operate the rotation of the armillary sphere

Semiosphere is the sphere of semiosis in which sign processes operate in the set of all interconnected Umwelten.

The forward sphere is the " Control Sphere " where the DSRV's pilot and copilot operate the vehicle.

To overcome breaks of gauge some bogies are being fitted with variable gauge axles ( VGA ) so that they can operate on two different gauges.

Most formal systems of logic operate on variable facts, i. e. facts the value of which changes several times during one reasoning.

The shutdown rule states " in the short run a firm should continue to operate if price exceeds average variable costs.

Some variable nozzle turbochargers use a rotary electric actuator, which uses a direct stepper motor to open and close the vanes, rather than pneumatic controllers that operate based on air pressure.

Because the output per unit of the variable input is improving throughout stage 1, a price-taking firm will always operate beyond this stage.

Older designs did not have a variable geometry nozzle but managed to operate well enough.

When taking this design decision, it was not analysed or fully understood which values this particular variable might assume when the alignment software was allowed to operate after lift-off.

These regulators operate by using a servomechanism to select the appropriate tap on an autotransformer with multiple taps, or by moving the wiper on a continuously variable autotransfomer.

To obtain a variable speed response, brushless motors operate in an electromechanical system that includes an electronic motor controller and a rotor position feedback sensor.

This included variable speed rack and pinion steering, 17 inch aluminum wheels with GoodYear Eagle tires, 4-wheel double wishbone suspension, one-touch power windows, one-touch moonroof, electrochromic mirror with compass, power accessory delay ignition ( which allowed occupants to operate power window switches when ignition is turned off ), and Homelink universal transmitter, among other options.

The dynamometer has a " braking " torque regulator-the Power Absorption Unit ( PAU ) is configured to provide a set braking force torque load, while the prime mover is configured to operate at whatever throttle opening, fuel delivery rate, or any other variable it is desired to test.

If the dynamometer has a speed regulator ( human or computer ), the PAU provides a variable amount of braking force ( torque ) that is necessary to cause the prime mover to operate at the desired single test speed or RPM.

Most of the devices offered today operate in on or off states only, even though the technology to provide for variable levels of transparency is easily applied.

We operate the variable substitution defined by

Any variable can operate as an input or an output, and the model will be solved for the output variables depending on the choice of inputs.

The radiated output power of Bluetooth devices varies between 1 and 100 mW, and can operate continuously or sporadically ( on demand ), so total exposure to EMF radiation is quite variable.

Thirty years ago, while the nation was wallowing in economic depression, the prevailing philosophy of government was to stand aside and allow `` natural forces '' to operate and cure the distress.

Its pretense to operate in the public interest is little more than a sham.

But while the corporation has all the disadvantages of the socialist form of organization ( so cumbersome it cannot constructively do much of anything not compatible with its need to perpetuate itself and maintain its status quo ), unluckily it does not have the desirable aspect of socialism, the motivation to operate for the benefit of society as a whole.

Ideally speaking, it should be allowed to operate only where the public has a great stake in the continuity of supply or services, and where the actions of a single proprietor are secondary to the needs of society.

The Axioms required to make the theoretical machinery operate are set out tersely and powerfully, so that all permissible operations within the theory can be traced rigorously back to these axioms, rules, and primitive notions.

This would be cheaper to operate and could be used for cruises during the lean winter months.

What we will be sacrificing in any such arrangement will be our power to be selective which is contained in the reciprocal trade principle under which we now operate.

The credit requirements stipulate that the applicant must have the ability to operate the business successfully and have enough capital in the business so that, with loan assistance from the SBA, it will be able to operate on a sound financial basis.

It also includes providing for the training of nationals to operate projects after they are completed.

Twenty-six states operate a central motor pool for acquisition, allocation and/or maintenance of state-owned vehicles.

The authority of the Secretary of the Interior under this joint resolution to construct, operate, and maintain demonstration plants shall terminate upon the expiration of twelve years after the date on which this joint resolution is approved.

Whenever two or more standard broadcast stations operate simultaneously on the same or closely adjacent frequencies, each interferes to some extent with reception of the other.

Class 2, stations operating on clear channels are required to cease operation or operate under nighttime restrictions beginning either at local sunset ( for daytime class 2, stations ) or sunset at the location of the dominant class 1, station where located west of the class 2, station ( for limited-time class 2, stations ).

The same restrictions apply after local sunset in the case of class 3, stations operating on regional channels, which after that time are required to operate under nighttime restrictions in order to protect each other.

Some 45 frequencies are assigned for use primarily by dominant Class 1, -- A or Class 1, -- B clear-channel stations, designed to operate with adequate power and to provide service -- both groundwave and ( at night ) skywave -- over large areas and at great distances, being protected against interference to the degree necessary to achieve this objective.

During nighttime hours, because of the intense skywave propagation then prevailing, no large number of stations can be permitted to operate on one of these channels, if the wide area service for which these frequencies are assigned is to be rendered satisfactorily by the dominant stations which must be relied upon to render it.

Therefore, under our longstanding allocation rules, on some of these channels no station other than the dominant ( class 1 ) -- A ) station is permitted to operate at night, so that the 1, -- A station can render service, interference free, wherever it can be received.

On the remainder of the clear channels, the dominant ( class 1 ) -- B stations are protected as described above, and the relatively small number of secondary ( class 2 ) ) stations permitted to operate on these channels at night are required to operate directionally and/or with reduced power so as to protect the class 1, stations.

Similarly, on the regional channels many class 3, stations have been assigned either to operate daytime only or to operate nighttime with directional antennas and/or lower power.

It could operate under the clouds and perform infrared photography through clouds and at night.

The replacement of the slide-lock side safety catch will make this lever-action favorite more appealing than ever since the new safety is easier and faster to operate.

The single-barrel Stevens 940Y ( under $35 ) is made with a side lever rather than a top-tang lever because many youngsters aren't strong enough to operate a top tang to open a gun -- and the side lever does indeed open very easily.