Because the clocks had been on average well above sea level, this meant that TAI slowed down, by about 10 < sup >− 12 </ sup >.

Algeria has always been a source of inspiration for different painters who tried to immortalize the prodigious diversity of the sites it offers and the profusion of the facets that passes its population, which offers for Orientalists between the 19 < sup > th </ sup > century and the 20 < sup > th </ sup > century, a striking inspiration for a very rich artistic creation like Eugène Delacroix with his famous painting women of Algiers in their apartment or Etienne Dinet or other painters of world fame like Pablo Picasso with his painting women of Algiers, or painters issued from the Algiers school.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

η < sup > 2 </ sup > ( eta-squared ):

He also offers a conversion table ( see Cohen, 1988, p. 283 ) for eta squared ( η < sup > 2 </ sup >) where 0. 0099 constitutes a small effect, 0. 0588 a medium effect and 0. 1379 a large effect.

When there are only two means to compare, the t-test and the ANOVA F-test are equivalent ; the relation between ANOVA and t is given by F = t < sup > 2 </ sup >.

The Arrhenius definition states that acids are substances which increase the concentration of hydronium ions ( H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >) in solution.

The reason why pHs of acids are less than 7 is that the concentration of hydronium ions is greater than 10 < sup >− 7 </ sup > moles per liter.

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that increases the concentration of the hydronium ion, H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >, when dissolved in water.

The International Time Bureau ( BIH ) began a time scale, T < sub > m </ sub > or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals.

< center ></ center >

< center >

All 128 ASCII characters, including non-printable characters ( represented by their abbreviations ). The 95 ASCII graphic characters are numbered from 20 < sub > hexadecimal | hex </ sub > to 7E < sub > hexadecimal | hex </ sub > ( decimal 32 to 126 ).

The " space " character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20 < sub > hex </ sub >; for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits.

To keep options available for lower case letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter " A " was placed in position 41 < sub > hex </ sub > to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.

The @ symbol was not used in continental Europe and the committee expected it would be replaced by an accented À in the French variation, so the @ was placed in position 40 < sub > hex </ sub > next to the letter A.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

< span style =" font-size: 87 %;">( Feb 25 2007 found archived as " Nieuw boek van frietprofessor Paul Ilegems over frietkotcultuur " 20051213. 3133206672696574 )</ span ></ ref >

Based on the Man ' yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct syllables ; texts written with Man ' yōgana use two different kanji for each of the syllables now pronounced ( the Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87, the distinction between mo < sub > 1 </ sub > and mo < sub > 2 </ sub > apparently being lost immediately following its composition ).

The original < sup > 256 </ sup > Md had a half-life of 87 minutes.

The team produced < sup > 256 </ sup > Md ( half-life of 87 minutes ) when they bombarded an < sup > 253 </ sup > Es target with alpha particles ( helium nuclei ) in the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory's 60-inch cyclotron (< sup > 256 </ sup > Md was the first isotope of any element to be synthesized one atom at a time ).

* In ELP2000 – 85 ( see Chapront et alii 1988 ), D has a quadratic term of − 5. 8681 " T < sup > 2 </ sup >; expressed in lunations N, this yields a correction of + 87. 403N < sup > 2 </ sup > delay is − (− 5. 8681 ") / ( 60 × 60 × 360 "/ circle ) / ( 36525 / 29. 530 ... lunations per Julian century )< sup > 2 </ sup > × ( 29. 530 ... days / lunation ) days </ ref > days to the time of conjunction.

Rubidium has only one stable isotope, < sup > 85 </ sup > Rb, with the isotope < sup > 87 </ sup > Rb, which composes almost 28 % of naturally occurring rubidium, being slightly radioactive with a half-life of 49 billion years — more than three times longer than the estimated age of the universe.

More recently, < sup > 87 </ sup > Sr /< sup > 86 </ sup > Sr ratios have also been used to determine the source of ancient archaeological materials such as timbers and corn in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico.

Other than < sup > 35 </ sup > S, with a half-life of 87 days and formed in cosmic ray spallation of < sup > 40 </ sup > Ar, the radioactive isotopes of sulfur have half-lives less than.

* 87, 268 km < sup > 2 </ sup > – Andalusia, Spain

* 87 million km < sup > 2 </ sup > — Ganymede ( moon of Jupiter )

The rubidium-strontium dating method is a radiometric dating technique used by scientists to determine the age of rocks and minerals from the quantities they contain of specific isotopes of rubidium (< sup > 87 </ sup > Rb ) and strontium (< sup > 87 </ sup > Sr, < sup > 86 </ sup > Sr.

The utility of the rubidium-strontium isotope system results from the fact that < sup > 87 </ sup > Rb ( one of two naturally occurring isotopes of rubidium ) decays to < sup > 87 </ sup > Sr with a halflife of 48. 8 billion years.

If F ≥ F < sub > Critical </ sub > ( Numerator DF, Denominator DF, α )

With the formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n + 2 </ sub >, Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a constant relative molecular mass of 14.

The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane ( e. g., C < sub > 2 </ sub >- alkane ).

The simplest possible alkane ( the parent molecule ) is methane, CH < sub > 4 </ sub >.

The NRC attaches a " relative uncertainty " of 2. 5 ( limited by day-to-day and device-to-device reproducibility ) to their atomic clock based upon the < sup > 127 </ sup > I < sub > 2 </ sub > molecule, and is advocating use of an < sup > 88 </ sup > Sr ion trap instead ( relative uncertainty due to linewidth of 2. 2 ).

The Bi – Sr – Ca – Cu – O system has three superconducting phases forming a homologous series as Bi < sub > 2 </ sub > Sr < sub > 2 </ sub > Ca < sub > n − 1 </ sub > Cu < sub > n </ sub > O < sub > 4 + 2n + x </ sub > ( n = 1, 2 and 3 ).

While natural strontium is stable, the synthetic < sup > 90 </ sup > Sr isotope is present in radioactive fallout and has a half-life of 28. 90 years.

Due to the chemical similarity of the elements, the stable forms of strontium might not pose a significant health threat — in fact, the levels found naturally may actually be beneficial ( see below )-but the radioactive < sup > 90 </ sup > Sr can lead to various bone disorders and diseases, including bone cancer.

The strontium unit is used in measuring radioactivity from absorbed < sup > 90 </ sup > Sr.

Mass-dependent differences in calcium isotope composition conventionally are expressed the ratio of two isotopes ( usually < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca ) in a sample compared to the same ratio in a standard reference material.

< sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca varies by about 1 % among common earth materials.

When the rate of bone formation exceeds the rate of bone resorption, soft tissue < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca rises.

Soft tissue < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca falls when bone resorption exceeds bone formation.

A similar system exists in the ocean, where seawater < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca tends to rise when the rate of removal of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > from seawater by mineral precipitation exceeds the input of new calcium into the ocean, and fall when calcium input exceeds mineral precipitation.

It follows that rising < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca corresponds to falling seawater Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > concentration, and falling < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca corresponds to rising seawater Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > concentration.

In 1997 Skulan and DePaolo presented the first evidence of change in seawater < sup > 44 </ sup > Ca /< sup > 40 </ sup > Ca over geologic time, along with a theoretical explanation of these changes.

Variations in < sup > 53 </ sup > Cr /< sup > 52 </ sup > Cr and Mn / Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial < sup > 53 </ sup > Mn /< sup > 55 </ sup > Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotopic composition must result from in-situ decay of < sup > 53 </ sup > Mn in differentiated planetary bodies.

* Ratios of environmental isotopes, such as < sup > 18 </ sup > O /< sup > 16 </ sup > O and D /< sup > 1 </ sup > H from waters are displayed using delta notation-δ < sup > 18 </ sup > O and δD, respectively