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where r is the ratio of the actual area to the projected area.
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where and r
On the plane the most common alternative is polar coordinates, where every point is represented by its radius r from the origin and its angle θ.
where r is the position vector of the particle relative to the origin, p is the linear momentum of the particle, and × denotes the cross product.
where θ < sub > r, p </ sub > is the angle between r and p measured from r to p ; an important distinction because without it, the sign of the cross product would be meaningless.
where is the component of p that is perpendicular to r. As above, the sign is decided based on the sense of rotation.
t < sub > r </ sub > * BW = 0. 35, where t < sub > r </ sub > is rise time in seconds and BW is bandwidth in Hz.
where n > 1 is an integer and p, q, and r are prime numbers, then 2 < sup > n </ sup >× p × q and 2 < sup > n </ sup >× r are a pair of amicable numbers.
where n > m > 0 are integers and p, q, and r are prime numbers, then 2 < sup > n </ sup >× p × q and 2 < sup > n </ sup >× r are a pair of amicable numbers.
In 1996, Serge Vaudenay found a known-plaintext attack requiring 2 < sup > 8r + 1 </ sup > known plaintexts to break, where r is the number of rounds.
Driven off by Roman forces, the coalition host moved overland into Thracia, where finally it was crushed by emperor Claudius II ( r. 268-70 ) at Naissus ( 269 ).
The Hilbert space of a spin-0 point particle is spanned by a " position basis ", where the label r extends over the set of all points in space.
: The 2br enzymes, with the letter " r " denoting reduced binding to clavulanic acid and sulbactam, are also called inhibitor-resistant TEM-derivative enzymes ; nevertheless, they are commonly still susceptible to tazobactam, except where an amino acid replacement exists at position met69.
where h ( 0 ) is the height of the water at r
where r is the radius from the axis of rotation.
where h ( 0 ) is the height at r = 0 ( the axis ).
where r = radius of gyration of cross-section which is equal to the square root of ( I / A ), K = ratio of the longest half sine wave to the actual column length, and KL
( x ( s ), y ( s )) where s represents arc length and r is the position vector.
The tension at r is parallel to the curve at r and pulls the section to the right, so it may be written Tu =( Tcos φ, Tsin φ ), where T is the magnitude of the force and φ is the is the angle between the curve at r and the x-axis ( see tangential angle ).
Finally, weight of the chain is represented by ( 0, − λgs ) where λ is the mass per unit length, g is the acceleration of gravity and s is the length of chain between c and r.
where and is
But California is where we're goin ''.
He thought of the jungles below him, and of the wild, strange, untracked beauty there and he promised himself that someday he would return, on foot perhaps, to hunt in this last corner of the world where man is sometimes himself the hunted, and animals the lords.
Now I wish to enter the American market, where the competition is very strong.
from downstream, where the water level is much lower, it is a high, elaborately facaded pavilion.
The answers derived by these means may determine not only the temporal organization of the dance but also its spatial design, special slips designating the location on the stage where the movement is to be performed.
Even in domains where detailed and predictive understanding is still lacking, but where some explanations are possible, as with lightning and weather and earthquakes, the appropriate kind of human action has been more adequately indicated.
Robert Penn Warren puts it this way in `` Brother To Dragons '': `` The recognition of complicity is the beginning of innocence '', where innocence, I think, means about the same thing as redemption.
A dominant motive is the poet's longing for his homeland and its boyhood associations: `` Not men-folk, but the fields where I would stray, The stones where as a child I used to play ''.
In a society where everything is for sale, Marlowe is the only man who cannot be bought.
This is done for simplicity of commands and to bring the hidden redundancy up to where misunderstanding has almost zero possibility.
As to benefits to employees, it is notorious for its callous disregard except where it depends on them for services.
`` The Moral Creed '' and `` The Will To Risk '' live happily together, if we do not examine where the line is to be drawn.
Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.
Ptolemy's problem is to forecast where, against the inverted bowl of night, some particular light will be found at future times.
She was exposing herself to temptation which it is best to avoid where it can consistently be done.
Such performance is a great tribute to American scientists and engineers, who in the past five years have had to telescope time and technology to develop these long-range ballistic missiles, where America had none before.
but it is perennially restructured in situations where anchors are dragged or lost.
`` History has this in common with every other science: that the historian is not allowed to claim any single piece of knowledge, except where he can justify his claim by exhibiting to himself in the first place, and secondly to any one else who is both able and willing to follow his demonstration, the grounds upon which it is based.
Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.
where and ratio
It will be seen that where the scope is similar, the Athabascan ratios come out somewhat higher ( as indeed they ought to with a total ratio of 2.8 as against 3.5 or 4: 5 ) except for verbs, where alone the Athabascan ratio is lower.
For circular fibers in a closely packed hexagonal array, the packing efficiency is given by: Af where Af, and 0.906 is the ratio of the area of a circle to that of the circumscribed hexagon.
where is the golden ratio.
In Analytical Geometry a section of a line can be given by the formula where ( c, d )&( e, f ) are the endpoints of the line & m: n is the ratio of division
For the simple case where the direction of the light beam along the line SE is perpendicular to the motion of the observer then only light emitted at an angle equal to the arc cosine of the ratio of the observer's speed to the speed of light will reach the telescope.
In transition regions, where this pressure dependent dissociation is incomplete, both the differential, constant pressure heat capacity and beta ( the volume / pressure differential ratio ) will greatly increase.
The simplest type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, which among other properties contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, mostly in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 ( generalized formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n </ sub > O < sub > n </ sub >, where n is at least 3 ).
where is the difference in density of particles separated by a height difference of, is Boltzmann's constant ( namely, the ratio of the universal gas constant,, to Avogadro's number, ), and is the absolute temperature.
He writes for the diffusion coefficient, where is the osmotic pressure and is the ratio of the frictional force to the molecular viscosity which he assumes is given by Stokes's formula for the viscosity.
where is the cylinder pressure at bottom dead center which is usually at 1 atm, is the compression ratio, and is the specific heat ratio for the working fluid, which is about 1. 4 for air, and 1. 3 for methane-air mixture.
The condition number of ƒ at a point x ( specifically, its relative condition number ) is then defined to be the maximum ratio of the fractional change in ƒ ( x ) to any fractional change in x, in the limit where the change δx in x becomes infinitesimally small:
Equilibrium stages are ideal steps where compositions achieve vapor-liquid equilibrium, repeating the separation process and allowing better separation given a reflux ratio.
Increasing the compression ratio in a spark-ignition engine where fuel and air are mixed before entry to the cylinder is limited by the need to prevent damaging pre-ignition
where is the density, is the adiabatic index ( ratio of specific heats ), is the internal energy per unit mass ( the " specific internal energy "), is the specific heat at constant volume, and is the specific heat at constant pressure.
This is unlike most other P2P networks where node administrators can employ a ratio system, where users have to share a certain amount of content before they can download.
* Emotional or physical risk-taking, where the risk-return ratio is not quantifiable ( e. g., skydiving, campaigning for political office, asking someone for a date, etc.
where the Greek letter phi () represents the golden ratio.
where r is called the compression ratio of the engine.
0.108 seconds.