Direct proportionality of the rate to the incident intensity has also been assumed in obtaining the value in the last column for the fourth sample of series 2, where the light intensity was reduced by use of a screen.

where the proportionality sign indicates that there might be a phase on the right hand side.

Ohm's law states that the voltage ( V ) across a resistor is proportional to the current ( I ), where the constant of proportionality is the resistance ( R ).

where S is the proportionality constant.

In this context it is commonly moved onto the right-hand side of the equation, and defined with a proportionality factor of 8: Λ = 8ρ < sub > vac </ sub >, where unit conventions of general relativity are used ( otherwise factors of G and c would also appear ).

The Dirac equation may now be interpreted as an eigenvalue equation, where the rest mass is proportional to an eigenvalue of the 4-momentum operator, the proportionality constant being the speed of light:

where λ < sub > max </ sub > is the peak wavelength, T is the absolute temperature of the black body, and b is a constant of proportionality called Wien's displacement constant, equal to ( 2002 CODATA recommended value ).

where the constant of proportionality α > 0 is not permitted to depend upon θ, and is required to be the same for all likelihood functions used in any one comparison.

The fact that the likelihood function can be defined in a way that includes contributions that are not commensurate ( the density and the probability mass ) arises from the way in which the likelihood function is defined up to a constant of proportionality, where this " constant " can change with the observation x, but not with the parameter θ.

where W is the work function of the metal, k is the Boltzmann constant and the proportionality constant A, known as Richardson's constant, is given by

where is the constant of proportionality.

where the constant of proportionality has been set to 1 by changing units of length.

The technique of inventory proportionality is most appropriate for inventories that remain unseen by the consumer, as opposed to " keep full " systems where a retail consumer would like to see full shelves of the product they are buying so as not to think they are buying something old, unwanted or stale ; and differentiated from the " trigger point " systems where product is reordered when it hits a certain level ; inventory proportionality is used effectively by just-in-time manufacturing processes and retail applications where the product is hidden from view.

An arguable example is any rule imposing a conflicting obligation to prevent, interdict or vindicate crimes which also belong to jus cogens, namely aggression itself, crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes, slavery, torture and piracy, so that a war waged consistent with the aim of repressing any of these crimes might not be illegal where the crime comes within the limit of proportionality relative to war and its characteristic effects.

where the constant of proportionality is k, Boltzmann's constant.

where is the proportionality constant.

where the constants of proportionality depend on conventions.

where and are the pressure and density, respectively, and is a constant of proportionality.

Unlike mixed member proportional, where party lists are used to achieve an overall proportional result in the legislature, under SM, proportionality is confined only to the list seats.

The theory predicts a linear dependence of Af on Af, where J is the experimentally determined Curie-Weiss constant.

Experiment where p is not constant.

Because the range of possible values for K < sub > a </ sub > spans many orders of magnitude, a more manageable constant, pK < sub > a </ sub > is more frequently used, where pK < sub > a </ sub >

We have a language where is a constant symbol and is a unary function and the following axioms:

where is generally taken to be the duration of the time-history, or the number of points if is constant.

where is the specific heat at constant pressure, is the specific heat at constant volume, and is the wave speed.

where is a constant.

where E < sub > 0 </ sub > is an infinite negative constant.

where < big ></ big > is the number of degrees of freedom divided by two, R is the universal gas constant and n is the number of moles in the system ( a constant ).

For a vector with linear addressing, the element with index i is located at the address B + c · i, where B is a fixed base address and c a fixed constant, sometimes called the address increment or stride.

This means that in most real-world setups where machines are added a few at a time, only one or two tries are needed before the address effectively become constant.

where k < sub > B </ sub > is Boltzmann's constant, T is the temperature, R is the resistance, and is the bandwidth of the frequency.

In transition regions, where this pressure dependent dissociation is incomplete, both the differential, constant pressure heat capacity and beta ( the volume / pressure differential ratio ) will greatly increase.

Thus, all the antiderivatives of x < sup > 2 </ sup > can be obtained by changing the value of C in F ( x ) = ( x < sup > 3 </ sup >/ 3 ) + C ; where C is an arbitrary constant known as the constant of integration.

For any system, the following restrictions on measurement results apply, where is the reduced Planck constant and is any direction vector such as x, y, or z:

Detailed analysis shows that the complexity class is unchanged by allowing error as high as 1 / 2 − n < sup >− c </ sup > on the one hand, or requiring error as small as 2 < sup >− n < sup > c </ sup ></ sup > on the other hand, where c is any positive constant, and n is the length of input.

where is the Boltzmann constant, T is temperature ( assumed to be a well-defined quantity ), is the degeneracy ( meaning, the number of levels having energy ; sometimes, the more general ' states ' are used instead of levels, to avoid using degeneracy in the equation ), N is the total number of particles and Z ( T ) is the partition function.

where is the difference in density of particles separated by a height difference of, is Boltzmann's constant ( namely, the ratio of the universal gas constant,, to Avogadro's number, ), and is the absolute temperature.

where A < sub > α </ sub > and B < sub > α </ sub > are any two solutions of Bessel's equation, and C < sub > α </ sub > is a constant independent of x ( which depends on α and on the particular Bessel functions considered ).

where Ω is the constant rate of rotation of the water.

What was even worse was his constant discrimination against the central and northern regions of Chad, where the southern Chadian administrators came to be perceived as arrogant and incompetent.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

Holmes went to Atlanta's Morehouse ( Negro ) College, where he is a B student and star halfback.

Compound comparisons typically compare two sets of groups means where one set has two or more groups ( e. g., compare average group means of group A, B and C with group D ).

** If S is a set of sentences of first-order logic and B is a consistent subset of S, then B is included in a set that is maximal among consistent subsets of S. The special case where S is the set of all first-order sentences in a given signature is weaker, equivalent to the Boolean prime ideal theorem ; see the section " Weaker forms " below.

where is the result of the operation, is the color of the pixel in element A, is the color of the pixel in element B, and and are the alpha of the pixels in elements A and B respectively.

For a two-dimensional array, the element with indices i, j would have address B + c · i + d · j, where the coefficients c and d are the row and column address increments, respectively.

Blank graduated from Stuyvesant High School in New York City and went on to attend Babson College, where he graduated with a B. S.

It is thus the first site where the archaeology confirms the continuity of Mycenaean and Classical Greek religion, which has been inferred from the presence of the names of Classical Greek divinities on Linear B texts from Pylos and Knossos.

B. Fuller left thousands of pages of notes to the university where he last taught.

The 8051 microcontroller has two, a primary accumulator and a secondary accumulator, where the second is used by instructions only when multiplying ( MUL AB ) or dividing ( DIV AB ); the former splits the 16-bit result between the two 8-bit accumulators, whereas the latter stores the quotient on the primary accumulator A and the remainder in the secondary accumulator B.

where the convention B < sub > 1 </ sub > = + 1 / 2 is used.

In some applications it is useful to be able to compute the Bernoulli numbers B < sub > 0 </ sub > through B < sub > p − 3 </ sub > modulo p, where p is a prime ; for example to test whether Vandiver's conjecture holds for p, or even just to determine whether p is an irregular prime.

where A, B, S and T are active masses and k < sub >+</ sub > and k < sub >−</ sub > are rate constants.

where E < sub > a </ sub > is the activation energy and k < sub > B </ sub > is the Boltzmann constant.

The logical positivist interpretation is that Hume analyses causal propositions, such as " A caused B ", in terms of regularities in perception: " A caused B " is equivalent to " Whenever A-type events happen, B-type ones follow ", where " whenever " refers to all possible perceptions.

* Service number ( E. g., 11111 / 00 / 00B, where the first five digits are the ID, the second two are the year the soldier turned 18 years old, the last two digits are the year the soldier enlisted, and the letter is the enlistment group, either A or B )