Photoactivatable adenylate cyclase ( PAC ) was discovered in E. gracilis and can be expressed in other organisms through genetic manipulation.

The springboard for Jagan's political career was the Political Affairs Committee ( PAC ), formed in 1946 as a discussion group.

After the PAC, Jagan's next major step was the founding of the People's Progressive Party ( PPP ) in January 1950.

Another popular cartridge was the Word Processor PAC which contained a version of the early word processor program Spellbinder.

A constant ROM fault in the wordprocessor PAC was a printer status switch setting for the printer, but most people learned about it and turned it off early in their power-on.

While the PAC proved to have little lasting organizational impact ( the group was suppressed a mere 11 months after its founding ), its policy of Africanism and acceptance of Maoism informed the black student uprisings of the mid and late 1970s which were led by the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania ( South Africa ) and Steve Biko.

Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers indicated that the PAC was not set up to support SOPA and PIPA, tweeting that the intent was to " engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA.

After the 2006 midterm elections, IMP-PAC was merged into RLC-PAC, the Republican Leadership Council's PAC.

The result of the Citizens United and SpeechNow. org decisions was the rise in 2010 of a new type of political action committee, popularly dubbed the " super PAC ".

According to data from the Center for Responsive Politics, the top 100 individual super PAC donors in 2011 – 2012 made up just 3. 7 % of contributors, but accounted for more than 80 % of the total money raised, while less than 0. 5 % of the money given to “ the most active Super PACs ” was donated by publicly traded corporations.

The term " Super PAC ," was coined by reporter Eliza Newlin Carney, " the first to imbue term with its current meaning of ' political committees that may raise and spend unlimited money to independently support or oppose candidates.

'" According to Politico, Carney, a staff writer covering lobbying and influence for CQ Roll Call, " made the first identifiable, published reference to ' super PAC ' as it ’ s known today while working at National Journal, writing on June 26, 2010, of a group called Workers ’ Voices, that it was a kind of '" super PAC " that could become increasingly popular in the post-Citizens United world.

* Former Speaker Nancy Pelosi's ( D ) leadership PAC, Team Majority, was fined $ 21, 000 by federal election officials " for improperly accepting donations over federal limits.

The second legal front in the challenges to PAC spending was occurring largely at the state level, where states like Hawaii were attempting to defend the limitations they had imposed on giving to candidates.

It was generally agreed in the 2012 campaign that the formation of a super PAC and the acceptance of large contributions was legal.

Long term, at least one analyst has interpreted court decisions, and in particular Speechnow. org v. FEC, to mean super PAC spending was legal " as long as they're not in cahoots with campaigns ".

In 1985 the Michelotti PAC was presented, a one-off citycar prototype ( PAC = " Project Automotive Commuter ") based on the Daihatsu Cuore.

The pulmonary artery catheter ( PAC ), also known as the Swan-Ganz catheter, was introduced to clinical practice in 1970 and provides direct access to the right heart for thermodilution measurements.

The PAC was founded in 1955 by the presidents of Western Reserve University ( 1955-1967 ), Case Institute of Technology ( 1955-1970 ), John Carroll University ( 1955-1988 ) and the University of Detroit.

Unlike other conferences at that time, the PAC was designed to be controlled by the presidents of the institutions rather than the athletic directors.

iBiquity was previously using PAC ( also used at a higher bitrate in Sirius satellite radio, see Digital Audio Radio Service ), but in August 2003 a switch to HDC ( based-upon ACC ) was made to rectify these problems.

Groups such as the ANC and PAC, fighting apartheid, and ZANU and ZAPU, fighting for the independence of Southern Rhodesia, were aided in their endeavours by the OAU.

In addition, other variants on the above quiz bowl formats are used at the high school level, including such formats as those of the Ohio Academic Competition ( OAC ), Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence ( PACE ), and the Panasonic Academic Challenge ( PAC or simply " Panasonic ").

A political action committee ( PAC ) is any organization in the United States that campaigns for or against political candidates, ballot initiatives or legislation.

At the federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $ 1, 000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, according to the Federal Election Campaign Act.

* Corporations and unions may not contribute directly to federal PACs, but can pay for the administrative costs of a PAC affiliated with the specific corporation or union ;

* Contributions from corporate or labor union treasuries are illegal, though they may sponsor a PAC and provide financial support for its administration and fundraising ;

However, it is legal for candidates and Super PAC managers to discuss campaign strategy and tactics through the media.

* Former Rep. Richard Pombo ( R ) used his leadership PAC to pay hotel bills ($ 22, 896 ) and buy baseball tickets ($ 320 ) for donors.

One super PAC originally listed a $ 250, 000 donation from an LLC that turned out to have been formed by an individual for that sole purpose.

In Minnesota, Human Rights Campaign pressed for an advisory ruling regarding anonymous PAC spending from the Minnesota Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Commission.

# American Association for Justice PAC $ 2, 700, 500

In 1995, Peron, Gieringer and Imler organized Californians for Compassionate Use, a PAC dedicated to putting medical marijuana on the ballot.

In late October, Dole released a controversial television ad attacking Hagan for reportedly taking donations from individuals involved in the Godless Americans PAC, a group which advocates for the rights of people who do not believe in God.

The Club for Growth is a politically conservative 527 organization active in the United States of America, with an agenda focused on taxation and other economic issues, and with an affiliated political action committee ( PAC ).

Its PAC endorses and raises money for conservative candidates.

* On April 16, 2009, the Club for Growth's PAC endorsed Pat Toomey in his Senate run against Arlen Specter.

* As of September 20, 2010 The Club for Growth PAC has endorsed 28 candidates in the 2010 election cycle.

In 2010 the Chandler was criticized for accepting campaign contributions from embattled Congressman Rep. Charles Rangel ’ s National Leadership PAC.

* Team America PAC, a political action committee ; founded by Congressman Tom Tancredo of Colorado

* 2006 Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pa., is accepted into the PAC

In the run-up to the June 6, 2006, primary elections in his home state, Camejo helped create Green IDEA ( later known as IDEA PAC ), a California political action committee espousing " Independence, Democracy, Empowerment, and Accountability ," to support candidates for county councils, the locally elected leadership bodies of the Green Party of California.

For the 2006 election, EMILY's List raised about $ 46 million for candidates in the 2006 contests and it is listed as the biggest PAC in the nation by Political Money Line, an independent source of information about campaign fund-raising.

< table cellspacing = 0 style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ;'>< tr >< td colspan =' 3 '>< div align =' center ' style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Top Contributors to Jon Porter ( R ) During the 2006 Election Cycle </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Rank </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Donor </ td ></ div >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Amount ( US Dollars )</ td ></ div ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 1 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> MGM Mirage </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 51, 200 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 2 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Station Casinos </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 40, 900 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 3 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> JA Tiberti Construction </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 36, 000 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 4 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Harrah's Entertainment </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 35, 225 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 5 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Focus Property Group </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 17, 800 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td colspan =' 3 '>< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 8pt ;'> Source: The Center for Responsive Politics ' Note: Contributions are not from the organizations themselves, but are rather from the organization's PAC, employees or owners.

In 2006, Hoekstra's Leadership PAC ( the Mileage Fund ) raised nearly $ 160, 000 in Political Action Contributions from such diverse contributors as the Teamsters, Michigan Credit Union League, and Little Planet Books.

The responsibility for questioning policy is left for other select committees and debating chambers of Parliament, but this has not prevented the PAC being named committee of the year in 2006.

On June 4, 2006, Hampton promoted his first concert at The Tribecca PAC in New York ( a tribute to Antonio Carlos Jobim ) and debuted the Hampton Ultra Big Band.

On July 1, 2006, Hart made his One Pro Wrestling debut at Fight Club II in Yorkshire, England, and defeated PAC.

In May 2006, Bay Buchanan was appointed chair of Team America PAC, a political action committee founded by Tom Tancredo.